09/30/2022
A worthwhile read on this day of reflection - click on the article for links to external reports.
"When clients disclose that they are Indigenous, this implies a higher duty of care. You have a responsibility, for instance, to work in accordance with trauma-informed principles. (The Canadian Bar Association offers training and online resources on this topic.) “If you ask people about their lives,” says Rudin, “you must be prepared for what they might tell you.” Listen to clients’ stories fully and sympathetically, not just as a means of getting pertinent information but also as a means of honouring a complex human experience. Try to minimize the degree of re-traumatization, while acknowledging that some amount is inevitable. And exercise discretion. “What a client shares with a lawyer or a Gladue writer,” says Rudin, “is not necessarily what they would want to share in open court.” (The Gladue principles, originally outlined in a 1999 Supreme Court decision, now compel judges to consider how a defendant’s Indigenous background or experience of colonization might be a factor when it comes to parole, bail, sentencing and other court decisions. Gladue writers prepare a case-specific report, presented to a judge in advance of a hearing, to explain the Gladue factors at play.)
The profession has not yet taken Rudin’s advice. Survey data suggests that lawyers spend less time with Indigenous clients than with non-Indigenous clients. That disparity likely helps to explain why — according to a report from the Public Prosecution Service of Canada — Indigenous people are more likely than others to be wrongfully convicted, to enter false guilty pleas or to be left in pre-trial detention without a bail hearing. (No doubt, this culture of neglect also affects Indigenous clients seeking support in non-criminal matters.) If your client is Indigenous, therefore, you have a moral and ethical responsibility to be extra attentive, in part to compensate for the general lack of attentiveness that lawyers still show the Indigenous community."
Historically, the Canadian state has used the law to oppress and tyrannize Indigenous people