Justin J. Toh, Barrister & Solicitor

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Justin J. Toh, Barrister & Solicitor Canadian immigration, refugee & citizenship lawyer practicing in Toronto. Francophone.

Email my office to schedule an initial consultation. Private consultations begin at $350 CAD. Quotes for full legal representation are personalized for each individual client. Clients with Legal Aid Ontario certificates may schedule a consultation for free.

I have helped hundreds of people from all over the world settle in Canada. My practice emphasizes complex cases involving admissibility issues, noncompliance issues, & refugee protection. I have a successful record of helping people challenge unfair decisions at the Federal Court.

I can advise clients in both English and French, and I take pride in bringing out the unique strengths in each client’s case.

I have intervened before the Supreme Court of Canada with the Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyer, and argued a key case on loss of refugee protection before the Federal Court of Appeal. I am also a repeat panel speaker for the Canadian Bar Association. My commentary has been featured on CBC & in the Toronto Star. I have also drafted consultative feedback on several government policy issues, conducted international human rights investigations, and published on legal practice & personality psychology.

Mon cabinet a déménagé ! À compter du 1ᵉʳ août 2026, mon bureau est désormais situé au :First Canadian Place 100, rue Ki...
08/17/2026

Mon cabinet a déménagé ! À compter du 1ᵉʳ août 2026, mon bureau est désormais situé au :

First Canadian Place
100, rue King Ouest, bureau 5700
Toronto (Ontario) M5X 1C7
Canada

Crédit photo: Gui Marfil

My law practice has moved! As of 1 August 2026, my office is now located at:First Canadian Place100 King Street West, Su...
08/17/2026

My law practice has moved! As of 1 August 2026, my office is now located at:

First Canadian Place
100 King Street West, Suite 5700
Toronto, Ontario M5X 1C7
Canada

Photo credit: Gui Marfil

Ce qui manque à cette conversation, c'est la fréquence à laquelle notre gouvernement commet des erreurs (illégales) qui ...
08/14/2026

Ce qui manque à cette conversation, c'est la fréquence à laquelle notre gouvernement commet des erreurs (illégales) qui privent des personnes de leur statut d'immigrant et les forcent à cesser le travail. Je travaille souvent avec des clients qui ont respecté toutes les règles, mais qui se retrouvent soudainement « illégales » parce qu'un fonctionnaire a mal lu leurs documents.

Les agents d'immigration sont des humains. Lorsqu'on surcharge nos fonctionnaires de travail et qu'on les pousse à traiter plus de 70 demandes par jour, les erreurs sont inévitables.

Du jour au lendemain, un employé essentiel se retrouve interdit de travailler. Contester ces erreurs prend souvent des années et coûte des milliers de dollars. Et sans revenus, beaucoup de gens n'ont pas les moyens de faire valoir leurs droits. Parfois, ils n'ont même pas les moyens de quitter le Canada, car déménager une famille coûte facilement des milliers de dollars aussi.

La suppression de l'aide sociale ne fait pas disparaître les personnes qui en dépendent. Au contraire, les coûts seront reportés sur les refuges, les banques alimentaires, les organismes de bienfaisance de quartier, les églises et les fournisseurs de soins de santé. Nous avons la chance d'avoir ces personnes dévouées qui servent notre communauté. Mais les services communautaires ne peuvent pas remplacer une bonne gouvernance. Des personnes passeront entre les mailles du filet.

Personne n'aime la fraude et les abus. Mais cette mesure politique ne lutte pas réellement contre les abus. Elle prive simplement d'aide des personnes qui répondent pourtant aux critères financiers et médicaux. C'est jeter le bébé sans même jeter l’eau de bain.

L’Ontario met fin à l’aide sociale pour les personnes qui se trouve illégalement au Canada | Salle de presse de l'Ontario

What’s missing from this conversation is how often our government makes mistakes (illegally) that strip people of their ...
08/14/2026

What’s missing from this conversation is how often our government makes mistakes (illegally) that strip people of their immigration status and force them to stop working. I often work with clients who followed all the rules, but then suddenly become “illegal” because a bureaucrat misread their paperwork anyway.

Immigration officers are only human. When you overwork our civil servants and push them to process 70+ applications per day, mistakes are inevitable.

Suddenly, an essential employee becomes banned from working. Challenging these mistakes often takes years and thousands of dollars. And with their income cut off, many people cannot afford to assert their rights. Sometimes they cannot even afford to leave Canada, because relocating a family easily costs thousands of dollars too.

Cutting off social assistance also doesn’t make people who depend on it disappear. Instead, the costs will shift to shelters, food banks, neighbourhood charities, churches, and healthcare providers. We are lucky to have these noble people serving out community. But community services cannot replace good governance. People will slip through the cracks.

No one likes fraud and abuse. But this policy move does not really counter abuse. It just cuts off help from people who genuinely meet the financial and medical criteria. It throws out the baby without even draining the bathwater.

Ontario Ends Social Assistance for People Living in Canada Illegally | Ontario Newsroom

What a privilege it was to see my old director, Mario D. Bellissimo, receive the Award of Excellence in our capital city...
07/02/2026

What a privilege it was to see my old director, Mario D. Bellissimo, receive the Award of Excellence in our capital city! This award is the highest honor bestowed by the Canadian Bar Association’s Immigration Law Section.

Mario and his team at Bellissimo Law Group PC are the ones who taught me how to champion people’s rights before the courts. When I chose to set out and build my own practice, Mario not only supported me, but welcomed me as a partner in advocacy. Together, we successfully challenged our government’s harsh approach to stripping people of refugee protection, and brought our system closer in line with international law. Mario followed up by urging for proportionate, context-sensitive reforms to Canada’s approach to cessation as part of the Section’s 100 recommendations to modernize the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.

It was just one of many accomplishments in Mario’s lifelong work to create a more principled, compassionate, and effective immigration system. He and his allies persuaded the courts that:

• Visa officers must consider individual family circumstances before concluding a disabled child is an excessive medical demand (Hilewitz, 2005 SCC 57; Sapru, 2011 FCA 35)
• People are entitled to a fair hearing before their citizenship can be revoked (Hassouna, 2017 FC 473)
• Visa officers must consider the possibility of an honest mistake or innocent misunderstanding before penalizing someone for an error in their immigration application (Berlin, 2011 FC 1117; Punia 2017 FC 184)

This is to say nothing of Mario’s advocacy before Parliament on the use of artificial intelligence tools in immigration processing.

Speaking of which, I also want to extend hearty congratulations to Andrew W.L. Koltun for winning the 2026 Founders Award! Andrew has constantly innovated creative legal strategies to confront problems that leave most practitioners at a loss, such as:

• Holding our government to account for its use of AI tools using Access to Information and Privacy requests
• Bringing civil claims against human traffickers and negligent representatives
• Advocating for international students living with mental health challenges
• Investigating “guilt by association” in security-related admissibility provisions

I would also add that Andrew is as helpful as he is humble and intelligent. He has always been generous with his time and knowledge when I am tackling a novel or complex problem.
We are all grateful to have Mario and Andrew leading our bar from both the senior and junior ends. I know they are already working on more advocacy projects, and I cannot wait to see the outcome of their next steps!

Quel privilège de voir mon ancien directeur, Mario D. Bellissimo, recevoir le Prix d’excellence dans notre capitale ! Ce...
07/02/2026

Quel privilège de voir mon ancien directeur, Mario D. Bellissimo, recevoir le Prix d’excellence dans notre capitale ! Ce prix est la plus haute distinction décernée par la Section du droit de l’immigration de l’Association du Barreau canadien.

C’est Mario et son équipe du cabinet Bellissimo Law Group PC qui m’ont enseigné à défendre les droits des personnes devant les tribunaux. Lorsque j’ai décidé de fonder mon propre cabinet, Mario m’a non seulement soutenu, mais il m’a aussi accueilli comme confrère en plaidoirie. Ensemble, nous avons contesté avec succès la politique sévère de notre gouvernement concernant la perte d’asile, et avons contribué à harmoniser notre système avec le droit international. Mario a ensuite plaidé pour des réformes proportionnées et adaptées au contexte quant à la façon dont le Canada aborde la perte d’asile dans le cadre des 100 recommandations de la Section visant à moderniser la Loi sur l’immigration et la protection des réfugiés.

Ce n’est qu’une des nombreux accomplissements de l’œuvre de toute une vie de Mario pour créer un système d’immigration plus juste, plus humain et plus efficace. Lui et ses alliés ont convaincu les tribunaux que :

• Les agents d’immigration doivent tenir compte de la situation familiale de chaque enfant avant de conclure qu’il représente une demande médicale excessive (Hilewitz, 2005 CSC 57; Sapru, 2011 CAF 35)
• Toute personne a droit à une audience équitable avant que sa citoyenneté ne puisse être révoquée (Hassouna, 2017 CF 473)
• Les agents d’immigration doivent envisager la possibilité d’une erreur honnête ou d’un malentendu innocent avant de pénaliser une personne pour une erreur dans sa demande d’immigration (Berlin, 2011 CF 1117; Punia, 2017 CF 184)

Ajoutons aussi le plaidoyer de Mario devant le Parlement concernant l’utilisation des outils d’intelligence artificielle dans le traitement de l’immigration.

À ce propos, je tiens également à féliciter chaleureusement Andrew W.L. Koltun pour l’obtention du Prix des fondateurs 2026 ! Andrew a constamment innové en élaborant des stratégies juridiques créatives pour résoudre des problèmes qui laissent la plupart des praticiens démunis, tels que :

• Demander des comptes à notre gouvernement quant à son utilisation des outils d'IA, en exerçant des demandes d'accès à l'information et de protection des renseignements personnels
• Intenter des poursuites civiles contre les trafiquants d'êtres humains et les représentants négligents
• Défendre les étudiants internationaux confrontés à des problèmes de santé mentale
• Examiner la notion de « culpabilité par association » dans les dispositions relatives à l'admissibilité liées à la sécurité

J'ajouterais qu'Andrew est aussi serviable qu'humble et intelligent. Il est toujours généreux de son temps et de ses connaissances lorsque je m’affronte à un problème nouveau ou complexe.

Nous sommes tous reconnaissants à Mario et Andrew de diriger notre barreau, tant du côté vétéran que du nouveau. Je sais qu'ils travaillent déjà sur d'autres projets de plaidoyer, et j'ai hâte de voir le résultat de leurs prochaines initiatives !

Canadian immigration law recognizes that a risk of su***de or self-harm may justify pausing deportation. My latest artic...
04/13/2026

Canadian immigration law recognizes that a risk of su***de or self-harm may justify pausing deportation. My latest article for the Canadian Immigration Lawyers Association reviews the jurisprudence.

Link: https://cila.co/risks-of-su***de-and-deferrals-stays-of-removal-from-canada-le-risque-de-su***de-et-les-reports-sursis-de-renvoi-du-canada/

If you or a loved one is facing removal from Canada, and experiencing suicidal or self-destructive thoughts, please seek help from both a licensed mental health professional and an experienced lawyer.

Call or text Canada’s su***de crisis hotline at 9-8-8, or visit https://988.ca/

By Justin Jian-Yi Toh, Barrister & Solicitor. La version française suit. Canadian law recognizes that many people facing removal from Canada genuinely experience mental health challenges that can place their lives in danger. As Justice Fuhrer stated in Alayaki: the prospect of imminent removal may ...

La loi canadienne sur l'immigration reconnaît qu'un risque de su***de ou d'automutilation peut justifier une suspension ...
04/13/2026

La loi canadienne sur l'immigration reconnaît qu'un risque de su***de ou d'automutilation peut justifier une suspension de l’expulsion. Mon article le plus récent pour l'Association canadienne des avocats en immigration passe en revue la jurisprudence.

Lien : https://cila.co/risks-of-su***de-and-deferrals-stays-of-removal-from-canada-le-risque-de-su***de-et-les-reports-sursis-de-renvoi-du-canada/

Si vous ou un proche êtes menacé d'expulsion du Canada et avez des pensées suicidaires ou autodestructrices, veuillez consulter un professionnel de la santé mentale agréé et un avocat expérimenté.
Appelez ou envoyez un texto à la ligne d'écoute canadienne pour la prévention du su***de au 9-8-8, ou visitez le site https://988.ca/

By Justin Jian-Yi Toh, Barrister & Solicitor. La version française suit. Canadian law recognizes that many people facing removal from Canada genuinely experience mental health challenges that can place their lives in danger. As Justice Fuhrer stated in Alayaki: the prospect of imminent removal may ...

"CILA notes with dismay that that Bill C-12 (the Strengthening Canada’s Immigration System and Borders Act) has been giv...
03/27/2026

"CILA notes with dismay that that Bill C-12 (the Strengthening Canada’s Immigration System and Borders Act) has been given royal assent. [...]

Now the federal government will have the power to cancel immigration documents or stop applications whenever it deems it to be in the “public interest.” However, “public interest” remains undefined in the Act, opening the door to arbitrary actions by the government. Students and skilled workers could see their permits cancelled without explanation. Would-be immigrants could be told their applications have been cancelled after they have spent years waiting in line legally. This would hurt the credibility of the immigration system and also unfairly penalize applicants who are following the rules. [...]

Instead of an in-person hearing, refugees who have waited more than a year to claim asylum or those who have entered Canada from the U.S. by irregular means would have their claim assessed on paper by an immigration officer. No talking, no explaining, no face-to-face interaction and very little chance to appeal if the officer gets it wrong. The Act will not reduce the volume of refugee claims. It will just shift the flow from having a robust hearing in front of a refugee judge to a non hearing decided by an immigration officer."

CILA notes with dismay that that Bill C-12 (the Strengthening Canada’s Immigration System and Borders Act) has been given royal assent. While border security is essential to the safety of Canadians, the changes the Act has made to our immigration system raise major concerns. The fairness that was ...

I was proud to return as a sponsor and a French-language judge for the 2026 Immigration, Refugee & Citizenship Law Moot....
03/20/2026

I was proud to return as a sponsor and a French-language judge for the 2026 Immigration, Refugee & Citizenship Law Moot. Our Francophone students showed us some impressive advocacy skills this year!

Thank you to my brethren justices Aisling Bondy and Geneviève Therrien, as well as our registrar officer Coco Wang, for working with me to give the mooters a worthy challenge. Special thanks also to everyone on the Organizing Committee for ensuring everything ran smoothly, to everyone on the Rules Committee for keeping the competition fair, and to everyone on the Content Committee for constructing a thought-provoking, multi-layered, and relevant problem!

Address

#603/1867 Yonge Street
Toronto, ON
M4S1Y5

Opening Hours

Monday 9am - 6pm
Tuesday 9am - 6pm
Wednesday 9am - 6pm
Thursday 9am - 6pm
Friday 9am - 6pm

Telephone

+18885025722

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