08/07/2026
The SSA 5-Step Process
Ever wonder how Social Security actually decides if someone qualifies for disability benefits? It is not a guess, and it is not random. Every single claim goes through the same five questions, in the same order. It is called the sequential evaluation process. 🧩
Here is what those five steps look like in plain language.
Step 1: Are you working?
Social Security looks at your earnings first. In 2026, if you earn more than $1,690 a month (or $2,830 a month if you are statutorily blind), that usually counts as “substantial gainful activity,” and your claim stops here. If you earn less than that, you move on to Step 2.
Step 2: Is your condition severe?
Your condition has to seriously limit your ability to do basic work tasks like standing, lifting, remembering, or concentrating. It also has to have lasted, or be expected to last, at least 12 months, or be expected to result in death. A short-term injury will not qualify.
Step 3: Does your condition meet a listing?
Social Security keeps a book of impairments (often called the Blue Book) with specific medical criteria for each one. If your condition matches a listing, or is medically equal to one, you are approved right here. If not, you keep going.
Step 4: Can you do work you have done before?
Next they figure out what you can still do despite your limits. This is your “residual functional capacity.” Then they ask whether you could go back to a job you held in the past five years. If the answer is yes, the claim is denied. If no, one more step.
Step 5: Can you do any other kind of work?
This is the last question, and here the burden shifts to Social Security. They look at your age, education, past job skills, and what you can physically and mentally handle. If there is other work out there you could reasonably do, the claim is denied. If there is not, you are found disabled. ✅
Understanding these steps helps you know what evidence actually matters, and why a strong medical record makes such a difference.
You should not have to figure this out alone. Call Gillette Law Group, PLLC, at (757) 220-4529 and talk to a real person who does this every day. We will tell you honestly where your claim stands.