12/18/2020
The 9th Circuit today handed down their decision concerning the ComicMix book "Oh, The Places You'll Boldly Go", a mashup of Star Trek and the Dr. Seuss book "Oh, The Place You'll Go", and while ComicMix has long maintained the book would be "pretty much protected by parody", the 9th Circuit panel disagreed, noting âthe addition of new expression to an existing work is not a get-out-of-jail-free card that renders the use of the original transformative."
The Panel disagreed with ComicMix's position that the book was a transformative parody of the Dr. Seuss original, finding that all four of the fair use factors weighed against ComicMix:
1) Purpose and Character of Use: "Although ComicMixâs work need not boldly go where no one has gone before, its repackaging, copying, and lack of critique of Seuss, coupled with its commercial use of Go!, do not result in a transformative use."
2) Nature of the Copyright Work: Boldlyâs copying of a creative and âexpressive work[]â like Go! tilts the second factor against fair use
3) Amount and Substantiality of Use: "Given the absence of a parody or a transformative work, ComicMix offers no justification for the commercial exploitation and the extensive and meticulous copying of Go!. In fact, after the case was initiated, Gerrold offered to 'replace the stuff thatâs too dead on,' demonstrating that the mash-up âbased on Dr. Seussâs artworkâ could have been created without wholesale copying of the work.
4) Effect of the Use Upon the Potential Market for or Value of the Copyrighted Work - Seuss claimed there would be harm to the market, and the Court agreed: "The bottom line is that ComicMix created, without seeking permission or a license, a non-transformative commercial work that targets and usurps Go!âs potential market."
The Court further noted under the fourth factor that "the
unrestricted and widespread conduct of the sort engaged in
by ComicMix could 'create incentives to pirate intellectual
property' and disincentivize the creation of illustrated
books. Monge, 688 F.3d at 1182. This is contrary to the goal
of copyright '[t]o promote the Progress of Science.' U.S.
Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 8."
The Court concluded it analysis as follows:
"Based on our weighing of the statutory factors 'in light of the purposes of copyright,' we conclude that ComicMix cannot sustain a fair use defense."
You can access a copy of the decision from this article: