10/09/2026
Special interest Article
Anthony J. Iantosca, BCFE
IAFEI
Published by Anthony Iantosca, BCFE
For the International Academy of Forensic Examiners and Investigators.
Forensic Linguistic Analysis
Your Words
I am going to list words that I pay very close attention too when I analyze an oral, printed or written statement to detect deception or if the person is non committed to their statement. Attorneys and political personalities are notorious for using these words in their statements when they are leaving a little wiggle room for them to come back and state, I didn't mean that.
People do not like to lie, lying causes stress and that stress can be very visible in their body language when they are lying once you have established an accurate base line of their non-verbal communication style, when they are in a state of comfort. For many of us who are talking to a loved one, a new dating prospect, a friend or family member it is very important to not only hear but listen to their word choices when you are asking questions that are important to you. There are two ways for a person can be deceptive, to falsify (outright lie) or conceal (lying by omission.) There are many other types of lies that fit into these two categories such as weaving a lie within a truthful statement and the inference dodge.
What is the inference dodge? (Dr. Paul Ekman, Ph.D) A friend is putting on a show to show his/her paintings. These paintings are bad, really bad. Your friend comes up to you and asks, "Tony what do you think of my artwork/paintings" instead of stating the truth and hurting my friend's feelings I say, "Julie, Julie, Julie everyone is talking about it, my God what a reaction" combined with the phony facial expressions, poor Julie thinks everyone loves her artwork. Remember I never answered her question truthfully. I made her think something that is not based in reality.
Another tactic used by dishonest personality types is called "minimization." Minimization is an action where an individual intentionally downplays a situation or a thing to make it appear it is less serious than it is in reality. OJ Simpson was a master of this tactic. When ever he was seen in public, being brought in for questioning, and in front of the cameras, he would laugh, smile, wave his hands around as if this was nothing but a joke. They are coming after poor me again. The Clinton's also used this tactic when asked very difficult questions they did not want to answer. They would smile shake their heads and repeat another "vast right wing conspiracy." The blue dress proved that wrong.
These word below are important for you to listen to, it does not mean they are outright lying but it does show how committed they are to their statement. These are some of the words I pay very close attention to.
When you detect these words take note and go back and ask additional questions.
I Deny= The subject may use the word "deny" to state his/her innocence. The word "deny" can mean to refuse to accept. When a person says "I deny" doing something they are refusing to accept that they may have done something. A stronger denial is to state "I didn't do it."
Innocent= When denying an accusation, a person may claim he/she is "innocent." This is different than saying "I didn't do it." When a person states he/she is innocent they are denying the conclusion that others believe they are guilty. When a person states "I didn't do it" he /she is denying the act itself. Many guilty people will say they are "innocent."
Really = Is a qualifier, in a statement it must be taken in context. Really can be an intensifier to an emotion.
Such as "I really love the watch you gave me dad." You must know the difference between the two. Or can be a sign of deceit when the person Does not feel they are going to be believed.
As in "I really never go to the casino" which means that they do go to the casino sometimes.
Really means honestly, truthfully.
I am confident = When a person says I am confident that Something will/will not happen there is a possibility that it may not happen.
Possible/Possibly = Has limitations, anything is possible, sometimes It is not possible.
I guess = is non-committal and a sign of deception.
Like = As in like he sort of grabbed me tells us there Is a difference what the assailant did and what the writer says they did.
Believe, belief = Something believed an opinion, writer has confidence in an alleged fact or body of facts, as true or right. Without positive knowledge or proof. Such as I believe I was honest.
Sorta like, or like = Not exact, there was a difference in what was expressed in the action and what happened. "He sort of grabbed me like."
You know = When people use the phrase "you know." They sometimes want you to take for granted that they are speaking the truth. However, you can only believe what people tell you. If person says, "you know I am telling the truth" he/she has not told you he/she is being truthful. They want you to assume he/she is being truthful.
Absolutely= Absolutely is like "never"
By overgeneralizing the Subject undermines the commitment to the specific denial or assertion.
Actually= When a person uses the word "actually" within a statement he/she is comparing two thoughts. The word "actually" can be used when someone asked you a question such as "did you buy that new car Tony" and I state "no I actually bought a new truck." In this question you can understand the two thoughts I am comparing. When the word "actually" is used within a statement and nothing has been proffered by the interviewer than we may have undisclosed information left out of the statement his/her statement.
With= The word "with" in any statement always shows distance between two people. I have always felt the word 'with" should be distance appropriate. Meaning if I am talking to Susan on the phone and she is in New York and I am in Boston there is distance between us, at this time the use of the "with" would not trouble me. Also a better sentence would be "I am talking to Susan on the phone and not "talking with Susan on the phone." If I am sitting in front of Susan and I use the word "with" this shows I am not happy to be talking to Susan or I dislike her. People sometimes will reveal their true feelings when they use the word "with."
We= The pronoun "we" always shows a partnership between two people. I may not know how much of a partnership exists between the two people but the use of "we" shows a relationship of some type. The word "we" should never be used in a r**e, kidnapping or an assault statement. Victims do not partner up with their attacker. The use of "we" would indicate she is lying and making up her attack or she knows the person and something else is at play here.