08/28/2026
Q: I’ve been seeing a lot of references to capital gains rates, and I know that they’re supposed to be better than normal tax rates. But what is the difference between income tax and capital gains tax?
A: Capital gains are generally the profits you make from selling a capital asset. A capital asset is generally property you own for personal or investment purposes, such as stocks, bonds, real estate, or other investments.
Your capital gain is generally the difference between what you receive when you sell the asset and your adjusted basis. (Adjusted basis is generally what you paid for an asset, adjusted for improvements, depreciation, and other items.)
How much tax you pay on a capital gain depends largely on how long you owned the asset. Short-term capital gains generally result from assets held for one year or less. They’re taxed at the same rates as ordinary income.
Long-term capital gains generally result from assets held for more than one year. Most are taxed at preferential federal rates of 0% for less than $48,350., 15% for less than $533,400., or 20% for over $533,400., for single tax payers, (double it for married filing joint.) depending on your taxable income. (Certain gains, including collectibles and unrecaptured §1250 gain, have different maximum rates.)
Ordinary income generally includes income that isn’t taxed as a capital gain, such as wages, interest, and business income. For 2026, ordinary income tax rates range from 10% to 37%, depending on your taxable income.
[Thanks to Taxgirl newsletter]