02/26/2019
The Poliard Law Firm honors John Stewart Rock (October 13, 1825 – December 3, 1866), lawyer, abolitionist, doctor, and first African-American admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of the United States.
John Stewart Rock was born on October 13, 1825, in Salem, New Jersey. By the age of 19, Rock began teaching in 1844 in a one-room school in Salem. Rock had an impressive work ethic, studying medicine as an apprentice under two white physicians. In 1848, Rock applied to medical school but faced rejection on the basis of his race. Rock then decided to transfer into the field of dentistry and, after an 1849 apprenticeship with a white dentist, Rock opened a dental practice in Philadelphia in January 1850. After finally gaining admittance to medical school, Rock graduated from American Medical College in Philadelphia in 1852, becoming one of the first African Americans to attain a degree in medicine. In 1853, Rock moved to Boston and set up his own practice in dentistry and medicine where many of his patients were ill fugitive slaves making their way through Boston on the Underground Railroad. Rock, a passionate abolitionist and civil rights leader became a renowned public speaker and campaigned for equal rights. Rock is credited with coining the phrase "black is beautiful."
Troubled by health-related problems, Rock applied for a United States passport to travel to Europe for his health but was refused because the United States Supreme Court had just declared in the Dred Scott case that a black man could not be a citizen of the United States. In 1860, Rock gave up his medical and dental practices and began to study law. In 1861, Rock passed the state bar exam and gained admittance to the Massachusetts Bar. He then opened a private law office and advocated diligently for the rights of African Americans. In 1862, he spoke at the Anti-Slavery Society in Boston, where he voiced his opposition to Lincoln’s plan for the so-called "negro colonization" in Haiti. On February 1, 1865, the day after Congress approved the Thirteenth Amendment ending slavery, Charles Sumner introduced a motion that made Rock the first black attorney to be admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States. Rock became the first black to be received on the floor of the United States House of Representatives. On April 9, 1866, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed which enforced the 13th Amendment. Rock became ill with the common cold and died on December 3, 1866. https://poliardlawfirm.com/