02/10/2026
“Attorney, gusto ko pong magsampa ng kaso!”
Wait. Paano natin ito mapapatunayan? ⚖️
One thing I always explain to clients: every crime has specific elements that the law requires—and those elements must be supported by evidence.
Hindi sapat na alam natin kung ano ang nangyari. Sa paghahanda ng criminal complaint, kailangan nating itanong: Pasok ba ang facts sa elements ng krimen, at ano ang ebidensya natin para suportahan ang bawat material element?
For example, kung ang isang offense has four elements:
Element 1 — Ano ang nangyari? Anong evidence ang susuporta rito?
Element 2 — Anong fact ang mag-e-establish nito? Anong evidence?
Element 3 — Anong fact? Anong evidence?
Element 4 — Anong fact? Anong evidence?
Sa initial filing ng criminal complaint, karaniwang kasama sa Complaint-Affidavit ang supporting affidavits, documents, at iba pang ebidensya na sumusuporta sa allegations. These are submitted to the Prosecutor’s Office for evaluation during preliminary investigation, when applicable, to determine whether there is sufficient basis to proceed with the case.
Kaya importante ang evidence.
A screenshot may establish a particular communication.
A receipt or bank record may support a payment or transaction.
A medical record may document an injury.
A CCTV recording may show relevant events.
A witness affidavit may establish facts personally known to the witness.
But remember:
Hindi paramihan ng annexes ang goal.
Ang tanong sa bawat ebidensya:
“Ano ang pinapatunayan nito?”
“Anong allegation ang sinusuportahan nito?”
“Which element of the offense does it help establish?”
Because the prosecutor was not there when the incident happened. The case has to be appreciated from the facts you narrate and the evidence you present.
That is why, when preparing a criminal complaint, I like looking at it this way:
FACTS → ELEMENTS → EVIDENCE ⚖️
Your Complaint-Affidavit tells what happened.
The law tells us what must be established.
Your evidence helps show that the required facts can actually be supported.
So kapag paulit-ulit kayong tinatanong ng abogado ninyo ng—
“May screenshot?”
“May resibo?”
“May witness?”
“May CCTV?”
“May dokumento?”
Hindi lang kami makulit. 😅
We are trying to connect your story to the law—and the law to the evidence.
Because filing a case is not simply about telling a compelling story.
It is about being able to support it. ⚖️
By God’s Grace.☝🏼
📌 DISCLAIMER: This post is for general legal education and informational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney-client relationship. The proper offense, procedure, evidentiary requirements, and legal remedies will depend on the particular facts and applicable law of each case.