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Sajorga Notary Public

⚖️ Notary Public
📍Poblacion II, Oroquieta City
Montalvan Compound
📧 [email protected]
📱0907-306-2889

12/07/2026

SUPREME COURT HOLDS BDO LIABLE FOR UNAUTHORIZED WITHDRAWALS FROM DEPOSITOR'S ACCOUNTS

The Supreme Court (SC) has ruled that Banco de Oro (BDO) is liable for unauthorized withdrawals from a depositor's accounts after finding that the bank failed to exercise the extraordinary diligence required of banking institutions by disregarding its own security procedures and internal banking rules.

"BDO totally failed to comply with its duty to exercise extraordinary diligence in taking care of Seastres' bank accounts. For this, BDO should be liable for the full amount of the actual damages suffered by Seastres. Banks are expected and required to exercise extraordinary diligence in their business dealings, particularly in handling their clients' accounts."

-CAGUIOA, J.

Supreme Court, Third Division
February 13, 2023
[https://dlsurf.com/l/9hcyfa5]

10/07/2026

SUPREME COURT STRIKES DOWN CYBERCRIME PROVISION THAT COULD CRIMINALIZE 'LIKES,' COMMENTS, AND SHARES

The Supreme Court (SC) En Banc declared unconstitutional the Cybercrime Prevention Act provision that would have penalized "aiding or abetting" cyber libel, ruling that it posed a serious threat to freedom of expression in the digital age.

“Penal laws should provide reasonably clear guidelines for law enforcement officials and triers of facts to prevent arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement. The terms "aiding or abetting" constitute broad sweep that generates chilling effect on those who express themselves through cyberspace posts, comments, and other messages. Hence, Section 5 of the cybercrime law that punishes "aiding or abetting" libel on the cyberspace is a nullity.”

-ABAD, J.

Supreme Court, En Banc
February 11, 2014

01/07/2026

JUSTICE CAGUIOA URGES FUTURE LAWYERS TO CHALLENGE STATUS QUO

Supreme Court (SC) Associate Justice Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa urged aspiring lawyers to reject complacency and help address the "cracks in the system" as he received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Manuel L. Quezon University (MLQU).

MLQU conferred the degree of Doctor of Laws, Honoris Causa, on Caguioa during the School of Law commencement exercises at Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar in Quezon City in recognition of his contributions to the legal profession, legal education, public service, governance, and the administration of justice.

Addressing the graduates, Caguioa said the country needs lawyers guided by conviction and principle who are willing to challenge flaws in society rather than simply accept them.

29/06/2026

SC Affirms Graft Conviction; Unjustified Delay in Releasing Lawful Benefits Constitutes Evident Bad Faith

The Supreme Court affirmed the conviction of a municipal mayor for violating Section 3(e) of Republic Act No. 3019 (Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act) after she unjustifiably withheld the release of the gratuity pay due to the surviving spouse of a deceased municipal mayor, ruling that her repeated delaying acts constituted evident bad faith.

“Undoubtedly, Mayor Gutierrez's series of acts are delaying tactics against the payment of the gratuity pay, which show a dishonest purpose and sinister motivation on her part. In sum, We subscribe to the Sandiganbayan's findings that Mayor Gutierrez's refusal to pay the gratuity pay was committed with evident bad faith.”

- GAERLAN, J.

Supreme Court, Second Division
October 13, 2021

26/06/2026

𝑃𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑠. 𝐿𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑎 (G.R. 265758, February 3, 2025)

The Supreme Court ruled that a 𝗽𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗼𝗽𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝗱𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝘄𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗼𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁.

In arriving at this decision, the Court established the following points based on the 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence:

Photocopies are "Duplicates.” Under the modernized Original Document Rule (formerly the Best Evidence Rule), a photocopy is legally classified as a "duplicate" because it accurately reproduces the original document.

𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝘂𝗹𝗲: A duplicate is admissible to the same extent as an original document.

𝗘𝘅𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀: A photocopy will only be rejected if the opposing party can prove that:

1. There is a genuine question regarding the authenticity of the original document; or
2. Admitting the photocopy in place of the original would be unjust or inequitable under the circumstances.

𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒:

Because the defense merely objected to the document being a photocopy but failed to question the actual authenticity of the original death certificate or show that admitting the photocopy was unfair, the Supreme Court ruled the photocopy admissible.

Consequently, the fact of the victim's death (corpus delicti) was validly established, and the Court upheld the conviction of the accused.

𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐭https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/265758.pdf

𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐭 - 𝐡𝐭𝐭𝐩𝐬://𝐰𝐰𝐰.𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞.𝐜𝐨𝐦/@𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐲𝐣𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐨

24/06/2026

Happy Wednesday!

Some things in life are beyond our control, but how we respond will always matter. In moments of uncertainty, may we find the strength to accept, adapt, and keep moving forward with grace and resilience.

Let this be a reminder to face each day with calm, courage, and faith in better days ahead.

Justice. Compassion. Service.

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