LJ Lobo Law Office

LJ Lobo Law Office Law office of Atty. Larry Jun R. Lobo

23/11/2025

Court of Appeals Associate Justice Jose Lorenzo R. dela Rosa, a member of the Remedial Law Department of the Philippine Judicial Academy, discusses key issues on land titles and the steps buyers should take before acquiring properties in Episode 95: Protecting the Integrity of Land Titles.

What is a reconstituted title, and how is it different from the original title or the owner's duplicate? What remedies are available to buyers defrauded by sellers?

This week's podcast is available on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, YouTube, Facebook, and the website.

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4NcLjdE0axrvAej7wGMueu?si=8BzkNdj4QIufZoL1glN-Ow

Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/ph/podcast/episode-95-protecting-the-integrity-of-land-titles/id1852172756?i=1000737742658

YouTube: https://youtu.be/KRcs30UAwwQ

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1MuvG4RZ8s/

SC website: http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/podcasts/

28/10/2025

The has approved the “Rules on Extradition Proceedings."

The new rules will take effect on November 10, 2025, following their publication in the Official Gazette, in two newspapers of general circulation, and on the Supreme Court website.

Read the full text of A.M. No. 22-03-29-SC here: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=154454

13/07/2025

Pinawalang-sala ng ang dalawang indibidwal na inakusahan ng ilegal na pagsusugal dahil bigo ang mga pulis na umaresto sa kanila na magbigay ng malinaw na detalye tungkol sa pagsusugal.

Sa isang Desisyon na isinulat ni Associate Justice Amy C. Lazaro-Javier, binaliktad ng Ikalawang Dibisyon ng Korte Suprema ang hatol na maysala kina Robert Plan (Plan) at Mark Oliver D. Enolva (Enolva) para sa paglabag sa P.D. No. 1602 na nagpapataw ng mas mabigat na parusa sa ilegal na pagsusugal.

Ayon sa talaan, nahuli ng pulisya sina Plan at Enolva na naglalaro ng kara-krus, isang larong pustahan gamit ang barya, matapos makatanggap sila ng sumbong mula sa isang mamamayan. Parehong kinasuhan at napatunayang maysala ang dalawa ng Metropolitan Trial Court (MeTC). Napatawan sila ng parusa ng pagkabilanggo ng aabot sa tatlong taon na sa kalaunan ay binawasan at ginawang 30 araw na lang ng Regional Trial Court. Pinagtibay ng Court of Appeals ang hatol na maysala.

Sa pagpapawalang-sala sa dalawa, dineklara ng Korte Suprema na hindi sapat ang ebidensya laban sa dalawa.

Napag-alaman ng Korte Suprema na nabigo ang mga pulis na patunayan na ang mga akusado ay talagang tumataya. Hindi makumpirma ng mga pulis ang denominasyon kahit na sinabi ng mga opisyal na nakakita sila ng pot money o kabuuang pusta sa sahig.

Binigyang-diin ng Korte Suprema na para matiyak ang hatol sa pagsusugal, ang mga nanghuling opisyal ay dapat magpakita ng malinaw at tiyak na mga detalye tungkol sa mga operasyon ng pagsusugal. Kabilang dito ang pagtukoy sa mga manlalaro, ang larong nilalaro, ang taong tumataya, at ang aktwal na pera na ginamit.

Basahin ang press release sa https://tinyurl.com/ms2xaktt.

Basahin ang Desisyon sa https://tinyurl.com/fvxypv2z.

Basahin ang Sumasang-ayon na Opinyon ni Senior Associate Justice Marvic M.V.F. Leonen sa https://tinyurl.com/47ajp3md.

Sumunod sa Credit Attribution Policy ng SC PIO: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/credit-attribution-policy/.


23/05/2025

Muling iginiit ng na nananatiling lehitimo ang mga anak kahit na ang kasal ng kanilang mga magulang ay idineklarang walang bisa dahil sa psychological incapacity.

Sa Desisyon na isinulat ni Associate Justice Jhosep Y. Lopez, binago ng Second Division ng Korte ang desisyon ng Regional Trial Court na nagdeklarang illegitimate ang isang anak kasunod ng pagpapawalang-bisa ng kasal ng kanyang mga magulang.

Ipinanganak ang bata ilang buwan bago ikinasal ang mag-asawa. Sa panahon ng kasal, ang asawang babae ay nakaranas ng pisikal, emosyonal, at berbal na pang-aabuso mula sa kanyang asawa. Ang asawang lalaki ay may isyu din ng pagkalulong sa alak, pagsusugal, at pagtataksil.

Sa petisyon na isinampa ng babae para mapawalang-bisa ang kanilang kasal, nagprisinta siya ng mga ebidensya ng pang-aabuso at isang sikolohikal na ulat na nag-diagnose sa kanyang asawa na may narcissistic personality disorder.

Pinagtibay ng Korte Suprema ang desisyon ng Regional Trial Court na walang bisa ang kasal pero nagpasya din ito na ang bata ay nananatiling lehitimo. Sa pangkalahatan, kapag ang isang kasal ay pinawalang-bisa, ang anak ay itinuturing na hindi lehitimo mula sa oras na sila ay ipinaglihi. Gayunpaman, may exception sa Family Code tulad ng kapag ang kasal ay pinawalang-bisa dahil sa psychological incapacity. Nalalapat ito kung ang bata ay ipinanganak bago o habang kasal.

Dagdag pa ng Korte, ang nawawalang anotasyon sa birth certificate ay hindi nakakaapekto sa legal na kalagayan ng anak.

Kapag naging lehitimo ang isang anak sa ilalim ng Family Code, walang legal na basehan para baguhin ang kanilang status pabalik sa illegitimate. Ang pagpayag dito ay labag sa layunin ng batas na protektahan ang best interest ng anak.

Basahin ang buong teksto ng press release sa https://tinyurl.com/4yrkc82r.

Basahin ang buong teksto ng Desisyon sa https://tinyurl.com/c673ywxs.

Basahin ang Concurring Opinion ni Senior Associate Justice Marvic M.V.F. Leonen sa https://tinyurl.com/mrx3swc7.


10/05/2025

The (SC) has ruled that a duplicate or photocopy of original documents, whether in paper or electronic form, can be admitted as evidence in court, provided there is no genuine question regarding the original’s authenticity or fairness in using the copy.

In a Decision written by Chief Justice Alexander G. Gesmundo, the SC’s First Division upheld the conviction of Ybo Lastimosa (Lastimosa) for the murder of Ildefonso Vega, Jr. (Vega) in a case involving the use of a photocopy of Vega’s death certificate as key evidence.

Witnesses testified during trial that Lastimosa shot Vega in the head outside a cockpit in Cebu City. Vega’s wife also testified that Vega was already dead when she found him at the hospital. To support her testimony, the prosecution presented a photocopy of Vega’s death certificate, which confirmed that he died from gunshot wounds.

Convicted by the trial court of homicide and by the Court of Appeals of murder, Lastimosa argued before the SC that the prosecution failed to prove that the crime was committed because the original death certificate was not presented. He claimed that a photocopy, without comparison to the original for authentication, should not have been admitted as evidence.

The SC affirmed the Court of Appeals, sentencing Lastimoso to reclusion perpetua and ordered him to pay PHP 275,000 in civil indemnity and damages. It explained that under Rule 130, Section 4(c) of the 2019 𝘙𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘙𝘶𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘯 𝘌𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦, a duplicate is admissible as the original unless there is a genuine question about the original’s authenticity or it would be unfair to use the duplicate.

This rule applies to both paper-based and electronic documents, reflecting the modern reality where duplicates are often as reliable as originals.

However, the SC emphasized that while a photocopy may be admissible, its weight or value depends on how well it corroborates or supports other available evidence.

In this case, the photocopy of the death certificate, combined with the testimonies of Vega’s wife and other eyewitnesses, sufficiently established that Vega died from gunshot wounds and that Lastimosa was responsible.

Read the full text of the Press Release at
https://tinyurl.com/36r9m76u.

Read the full text of the Decision at https://tinyurl.com/mwe35fhe.

Copying of this content is subject to the SC PIO’s Credit Attribution Policy: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/credit-attribution-policy/.

02/05/2025

Muling pinagtibay ng na ang mga testimonya mula sa pamilya at mga kaibigan ng asawa ay makatutulong na patunayan ang psychological incapacity sa mga kasong naglalayong mapawalang-bisa ang kasal.

Sa isang Desisyon na isinulat ni Senior Associate Justice Marvic M.V.F. Leonen, idineklara ng Second Division ng Korte na walang bisa ang kasal nina Jeffery A. Green (Jeffery) at Rowena Manlutac Green (Rowena) dahil sa psychological incapacity ni Rowena.

Magka-relasyon sa loob ng apat na taon sina Jeffery at Rowena bago sila nagpakasal. Makalipas ng apat pang taon, nagsampa ng petisyon si Jeffery para mapawalang-bisa ang kanilang kasal dahil pareho umano silang psychologically incapacitated. Bilang katibayan, nagsumite si Jeffery ng isang psychiatric evaluation report batay sa mga standard test at panayam sa kanyang sarili, kay Rowena, sa isang mutual na kaibigan, at sa ina ni Rowena.

Ayon sa report, madalas na napababayaan ni Rowena ang kanilang finances at ang kanilang mga utang ay umabot na sa PHP 4 milyon. Inakusahan din ni Jeffery si Rowena ng panloloko at pagsisinungaling tungkol sa paternity ng kanilang anak.

Pinaboran ng RTC ang petisyon at idineklara na si Rowena ay psychologically incapacitated na tuparin ang kanyang mga tungkulin sa pag-aasawa. Ito ay pinagtibay ng Court of Appeals at Korte Suprema.

Sa nullity of marriage cases, binigyang-diin ng Korte Suprema na maaaring suriin ang psychological incapacity hindi lang base sa pahayag ng mag-asawa kundi pati sa mga malalapit sa kanila. Ito para maiwasan ang potensyal na bias mula sa asawa na nagsampa ng petisyon.

Iginiit ng Korte Suprema na kung ang kabuuan ng mga ebidensya ay mapatutunayan ang psychological incapacity ng isang asawa noong araw na ipagdiwang ang kasal, ang kasal ay maaaring mapawalang-bisa sa ilalim ng Article 36 ng Family Code.

Basahin ang buong teksto ng press release sa https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/sc-family-and-friends-testimonies-can-prove-psychological-incapacity-in-nullity-of-marriage-cases/.

Basahin ang buong teksto ng Desisyon https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/255706-rowena-manlutac-green-vs-jeffery-a-green-and-the-republic-of-the-philippines/.


27/11/2024

The Office of the Chairperson has issued a Notice announcing that the results of the 2024 Bar Examinations will be released on December 13, 2024 at the courtyard of the Supreme Court (SC) Main Building.

The results will be displayed on LED walls inside the SC courtyard and uploaded to the SC website and official social media pages (X/Twitter, Threads, Facebook, and Instagram). The YouTube and Facebook livestream links and QR codes of the results will also be shared through the SC's official communication channels.

READ the Notice in full at: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/2024-bar-examinations-result/




27/11/2024

Nagpasya ang Korte Suprema na amyendahan ang Rule 13 ng 2019 Amendments to the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure para gawing mandatory ang electronic filing and service para sa kasong sibil sa first- and second-level courts.

Nag-isyu ang Korte ng Rule 13-A o ang Interim Rule on the Electronic Filing and Service of Pleadings, Judgments, and Other Papers in Civil Cases (Interim Rule).

Ang Interim Rule ay magkakabisa sa Disyembre 1, 2024, kasunod ng paglalathala nito sa Official Gazette o sa dalawang peryodiko na may pambansang sirkulasyon.

Simula Disyembre 1, 2024, lahat ng filing o paghahain at serbisyo ng mga pleading, hatol, at iba pang mga papeles sa mga kasong sibil sa mga trial court ay dapat gawin sa elektronikong paraan sa pamamagitan ng email, maliban sa mga initiatory pleading.

Basahin ang buong press briefer: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/press-briefer-no-17/



29/02/2024

SC Finds Lorraine Badoy Guilty of Indirect Contempt for Attacks against Judge; Warns Online Influencers to Verify Truthfulness of Posts |

“By merely having access to social media, private individuals could publish their thoughts without need of self-policing or adhering to the ethical standards required of the press. As a result, content could be created and shared with abandon, purely for clout or for ‘likes,’ and even in disregard of the truth.”

Thus lamented the Supreme Court En Banc, in a Decision penned by Senior Associate Justice Marvic M.V.F. Leonen, as it found Lorraine Marie T. Badoy-Partosa (Badoy) guilty of indirect contempt of court for statements she made online attacking Judge Marlo A. Magdoza-Malagar (Judge Magdoza-Malagar) of the Regional Trial Court of Manila, Branch 19.

Read A.M. No. 22-09-16-SC and G.R. No. 263384, Re: Statements made by Lorraine Marie T. Badoy allegedly threatening Judge Marlo A. Magdoza-Malagar and Atty. Rico V. Domingo, et al. v. Lorraine Marie T. Badoy-Partosa (August 15, 2023) at: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/22-09-16-sc-263384-re-statements-made-by-lorraine-marie-t-badoy-allegedly-threatening-judge-marlo-a-magdoza-malagar-atty-rico-v-domingo-dean-antonio-gabriel-m-la-vina-dean-ma-soledad-deriquit/

Read more at https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/sc-finds-lorraine-badoy-guilty-of-indirect-contempt-for-attacks-against-judge-warns-online-influencers-to-verify-truthfulness-of-posts/

Happy Hearts Day ❤️
14/02/2024

Happy Hearts Day ❤️

25/01/2024

SC Declares Fitness Trainers of a Gym Chain as Regular Employees |

When the status of the employment is in dispute, the employer bears the burden to prove that the person whose service it pays for is an independent contractor and not a regular employee

This was reiterated by the Supreme Court’s Second Division during its session on January 22, 2024, as it granted the petition for review filed by Rico B. Escauriaga, Cristine Dela Cruz, Rene B. Severino, Ralph Errol Mercado, and Geraldine Guevarra (collectively, petitioners). The petition challenged the rulings of the Court of Appeals (CA) which had upheld the National Labor Relations Commission’s (NLRC) findings that the petitioners were independent contractors, and not employees of Fitness First Phil, Inc. (Fitness First).

In granting the petition, the Court, through Associate Justice Amy C. Lazaro-Javier, applied the four-fold test governing employer-employee relationship to determine if Fitness First sufficiently proved that petitioners were independent contractors.

The Court found that all four factors were present in the case of the petitioners.

The Court also held that even applying the economic dependence test, where the circumstances of the whole economic activity are considered in the determination of the relationship between employer and employee, the conclusion would still be the same.

Thus, the Court ordered that petitioners be reinstated to their former positions and paid full backwages, separation pay, pro-rata 13th month pay, and attorney’s fees.

Read more at https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/sc-declares-fitness-trainers-of-a-gym-chain-as-regular-employees/.

18/01/2024

𝐇𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐬 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐮𝐜𝐤𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐭 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐩

A House inquiry ordered by Speaker Ferdinand Martin G. Romualdez has prompted popular coffee chain Starbucks to lift the cap it has imposed on the 20-percent discount senior citizens and persons with disability (PWDs) are legally entitled to.

Angela Cole, who identified herself as operations director of Starbucks Coffee, told the House committee on ways and means this morning that they were acknowledging their “mistake” and that they have ordered the “immediate removal of the erroneous signages.”

She said the signages, in which Starbucks restricted the legally-mandated discount to “one food item” and “one beverage,” “was not properly worded.”

Cole made the announcement at the start of the hearing of the committee chaired by Albay Rep. Joey Sarte Salceda on gaps on the implementation of laws on discounts, privileges and other benefits for senior citizens, PWDs and solo parents.

Speaker Romualdez, the principal author of the law expanding the benefits for seniors and PWDs, ordered the inquiry upon receiving complaints on the failure of establishments to comply with relevant laws.

One such complaint was about Starbucks’ limitation of the application of the 20-percent discount.

Speaker Romualdez, the leader of the 300-plus-strong House of Representatives, also took cognizance of a case filed by the Pasig Prosecutor’s Office against a big hotel in the city, which failed to grant an elderly customer the mandated discount.

Election lawyer Romulo Macalintal, who is the complainant’s counsel, identified the respondent establishment in the course of the hearing as Marco Polo Hotel-Pasig.

“We are expecting arrest warrants to be issued today (Wednesday) against responsible hotel officers,” he said.

Cole’s announcement elicited a statement from Rep. France Castro of ACT Teachers Partylist that Starbucks would not have rectified its error had Speaker Romualdez not ordered the inquiry.

For his part, Parañaque City Rep. Gus Tambunting said, “Salamat sa ating Speaker. Sana mabawas-bawasan na ang pang-aagrabiyado sa ating mga senior citizen at PWD.”

Salceda asked Rustan’s Coffee Corp., the local Starbucks licensee, to address its mistake “substantially by making a buy-one-take-one offer to senior citizens and PWDs, like buy one croissant, take one beverage.”

“You violated the law. Saying sorry is not enough. We will consider initiating prosecution,” he told Cole, who promised to communicate Salceda’s request to her principals.

Salceda said he received a similar complaint against bakery products chain Goldilocks, which is allegedly limiting the 20-percent discount “to one slice for every cake.”

“We will look into this as well,” he said.

In the case of the Marco Polo Hotel-Pasig case, he said hotels should extend the 20-percent discounts to their senior citizen and PWD customers, whether their prices are promotional or regular rates.

“The application of these laws should be universal,” he said.

He added that the discounts should also be extended by online sellers, including airline companies.

“I know that Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific have options on their websites for elderly passengers to avail themselves of the discount,” Salceda said.

Macalintal said hotels should grant the discount when their customers check in even if their accommodation was booked through booking websites.

“The customer is not a party to whatever contract the booking site and the hotel have,” he said.

Macalintal also proposed that the previous discount granted to senior citizens and PWDs for using the expressways and skyways be restored.

Salceda said his committee would recommend remedial legislation or regulation to address gaps and confusion in the implementation of laws on discounts, privileges and benefits for senior citizens, PWDs and solo parents.

“The Speaker wants us to scrutinize compliance with these laws by business establishments and service provides and ensure their proper and effective implementation,” he said.

[Reference: Ryan Ponce Pacpaco, Office of the Speaker]




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