17/10/2026
Why does the same staking service get three different legal answers in Switzerland, the United States and the EU?
Because each regulator asked a different question. FINMA (Guidance 08/2023, 20 December 2023) asked whose coins they are if the provider goes bankrupt, and segregates them only if they are held ready for the client at all times, with an express instruction, per-client allocation and documented slashing and unbonding risk. The SEC's staff (29 May and 5 August 2025) asked whether staking is a securities offering and said no for protocol and liquid staking, as staff views only. ESMA (Q&A 2607, 9 July 2025) asked who keeps the yield and ruled that a CASP may not stake client assets for its own account, even with consent.
Only the Swiss answer deals with insolvency. For a Swiss provider with EU and US clients, the FINMA segregation file is the starting document for all three.
Goldblum advises staking providers, custodians and portfolio managers on FINMA practice, SRO affiliation and the coming crypto-institution licence.