01/04/2017
It is a widely believed that all waterfront property owners have a right to build a boat dock to access their property. It is presumed that any owner of property that is adjacent to any water is entitled to “riparian rights”, which, it is believed by many, include the right to an unobstructed view of the water and the right to build a boat dock.
For the purposes of this post, suffice it to say that neither of such beliefs are true. For example, riparian rights apply only to waters that are navigable in their natural condition. No riparian rights attach to artificially created waters, such as canals and boat basins, nor to natural waters that were made navigable by man. Even with respect to naturally navigable waters, the exercise of riparian rights are significantly modified by federal, state, and local regulations.
The construction of docks in public waters has long been regulated, but it was not until the environmental movement of the early to mid 1980's that governments did much to enforce existing regulations. For a number of reasons, the year 1985 is a good reference point when trying to ascertain the legal status of an existing dock. Typically, docks constructed prior to that date have been considered “grandfathered”, whether or not constructed pursuant to any permitting requirements that existed prior to that year. Docks constructed after that year without required permits are generally considered illegal. Only if the unpermitted post-1985 dock meets current regulations may an “after-the-fact” permit be issued. Otherwise, the dock will need to be brought into compliance with current regulations, which in some cases may require the removal of the dock.
Therefore, buyers of waterfront property need to realize that if having a dock at their property is important, during their due diligence inspection period it is necessary to ascertain whether any existing dock is legal or illegal, and if no dock presently exists, can one be constructed to meet both the buyer’s requirements as well as those of all regulatory agencies. The fact that docks may exist in the vicinity of the property of interest should not be relied upon to determine whether a suitable dock may be constructed at the property under contract.
The status of existing or prospective docks is just one of the matters I routinely review as part of any waterfront property due diligence on behalf of buyers of waterfront property.