Nanotechnology for ALL

07/08/2022

morning livestream here is a direct link to your part:

Live now

09/25/2020

Remembering Justice Ruth Ginsburg
Have you ever met Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg?
Question posed by Ms-JD.org
Answer by Dr ilise L Feitshans JD and ScM and DIR
Posted September 20 2020
Yes. I had the honor of hosting an event as Georgetown Law alumni under the auspices of the offices of House of Representatives Chair of the Armed Services Committee, Ron Dellums to Welcome Prof Martin Ginsburg to Georgetown Law as Tax teacher. "Marty" gave a humble speech wherein he stated that he came to Washington DC by Act of Congress even though it was a sacrifice to be away from New York City because his wife, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, had been asked to serve in the DC Court of Appeals. Even then everyone in the room knew she would one day serve the US Supreme Court and he even said, as if accidentally at first, Supreme Court instead of Court of Appeals. Of course everyone giggled and some people applauded. His wife was indeed elevated to the US Supreme Court in a few years so there was no need to move again.
Elevated to US Supreme Court she was, while I was teaching at the Legislative Drafting research Fund at Columbia University. The school held a spontaneous large luncheon in her honor at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel, an iconic hotel that has been in many movies. She was small and direct in a plain suit that made no fashion statement, thanking Columbia University School of Law for her law degree. She explained that she never graduated Harvard Law School because in her second year of law school her husband got a job in a marvelous large law firm in their beloved New York City. Harvard would not accept credits from Columbia Law School and in that era there was not even a hint of taking courses remotely. But given her status on Harvard Law Review, Columbia Law School accepted her as a transfer student gladly. She then thanked Dean Warren for her first law job, teaching at Columbia Law School. She pointed out that no law firm would allow her to work for them, claiming that she had taken the job away from a man. She also explained that Dean Warren bent the rules slightly to get her a clerkship, by telephoning a judge he knew personally and stating that if the judge did not hire Ruth he could expect no more candidates from Columbia Law School for his clerkships. This was a strong threat in an era when clerkships were determined by reputation and word of mouth and were reserved for only a few exclusive schools; it meant that the judge would need to scour lower level law schools for a clerk and his clerkships would lose their prestige like a deflated balloon. This threat would have no meaning a generation later, when centralized clerkship applications were open to students in any law school. But it was a powerful threat at the time and the ploy worked to land Ginsburg a job.
Columbia Law had a tradition of US Supreme Court justices, since Justice William O Douglas also attended there. This was mentioned and Justice Ginsburg emphatically stated that she belonged to Columbia Law and that if Harvard ever did offer her a law degree she would refuse it. I think that history has changed too. Her daughter Jane was already a Member of the Faculty at Columbia Law when this event occurred, but was in Paris on a program about intellectual property and did not attend the event. I recall being struck instantly by the power of the men’s group, not simply to keep Justice Ginsburg out, but to let her in once they so desired. She understood that she had privilege and she used it. She complained that there were no female role models for women lawyers, and that was true even as she spoke at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel; her status as an icon had not yet emerged. And she told women gathered there to open doors for other women, but alas few women do. The strides she made were at once personal and political, making possible a world where women can take for granted the opportunities that exist to work, enjoy family and prosper.
She was a very interesting person and I am glad that I met her and the lunch was delicious too!

09/25/2020

We are deeply saddened by the loss of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

How are you honoring her memory today?

03/03/2020

nanotechnology in medicine is part of the revolution advancing public health. This lecture describes some key legal issues in commercialization of nano-enabled medicines and medical devices

10/07/2019

check out reference number 4 in Wikipedia Nanoinformatics

Nanoinformatics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nanoinformatics is the application of informatics to nanotechnology. It is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding nanomaterials, their properties, and their interactions with biological entities, and using that information more efficiently. It differs from cheminformatics in that nanomaterials usually involve nonuniform collections of particles that have distributions of physical properties that must be specified. The nanoinformatics infrastructure includes ontologies for nanomaterials, file formats, and data repositories.
Nanoinformatics has applications for improving workflows in fundamental research, manufacturing, and environmental health, allowing the use of high-throughput data-driven methods to analyze broad sets of experimental results. Nanomedicine applications include analysis of nanoparticle-based pharmaceuticals for structure–activity relationships in a similar manner to bioinformatics.
[ ]
Contents
• 1Background
• 2Data representations
o 2.1Ontologies
o 2.2File formats
• 3Tools
o 3.1Databases and repositories
• 4Applications
o 4.1Modeling and NanoQSAR
• 5Communities
• 6History
• 7See also
• 8References
• 9External links
Background[edit]
Context of nanoinformatics as a convergence of science and practice at the nexus of safety, health, well-being, and productivity; risk management; and emerging nanotechnology.
While conventional chemicals are specified by their chemical composition, and concentration, nanoparticles have other physical properties that must be measured for a complete description, such as size, shape, surface properties, crystallinity, and dispersion state. In addition, preparations of nanoparticles are often non-uniform, having distributions of these properties that must also be specified. These molecular-scale properties influence their macroscopic chemical and physical properties, as well as their biological effects. They are important in both the experimental characterization of nanoparticles and their representation in an informatics system.[1][2] The context of nanoinformatics is that effective development and implementation of potential applications of nanotechnology requires the harnessing of information at the intersection of safety, health, well-being, and productivity; risk management; and emerging nanotechnology.[3][4]
A graphical representation of a working definition of nanoinformatics as a life-cycle process
One working definition of nanoinformatics developed through the community-based Nanoinformatics 2020 Roadmap[5] and subsequently expanded[3] is:
• Determining which information is relevant to meeting the safety, health, well-being, and productivity objectives of the nanoscale science, engineering, and technology community;
• Developing and implementing effective mechanisms for collecting, validating, storing, sharing, analyzing, modeling, and applying the information;
• Confirming that appropriate decisions were made and that desired mission outcomes were achieved as a result of that information; and finally
• Conveying experience to the broader community, contributing to generalized knowledge, and updating standards and training.
Data representations[edit]
Although nanotechnology is the subject of significant experimentation, much of the data are not stored in standardized formats or broadly accessible. Nanoinformatics initiatives seek to coordinate developments of data standards and informatics methods.[5]
Ontologies[edit]
An overview of the eNanoMapper nanomaterial ontology
In the context of information science, an ontology is a formal representation of knowledge within a domain, using hierarchies of terms including their definitions, attributes, and relations. Ontologies provide a common terminology in a machine-readable framework that facilitates sharing and discovery of data. Having an established ontology for nanoparticles is important for cancer nanomedicine due to the need of researchers to search, access, and analyze large amounts of data.[6][7]
The NanoParticle Ontology is an ontology for the preparation, chemical composition, and characterization of nanomaterials involved in cancer research. It uses the Basic Formal Ontology framework and is implemented in the Web Ontology Language. It is hosted by the National Center for Biomedical Ontology and maintained on GitHub.[6] The eNanoMapper Ontology is more recent and reuses wherever possible already existing domain ontologies. As such, it reuses and extends the NanoParticle Ontology, but also the BioAssay Ontology, Experimental Factor Ontology, Unit Ontology, and ChEBI.[8]
File formats[edit]
Flowchart depicting the ways to identify different components of a material sample to guide the creation of an ISA-TAB-Nano Material file
ISA-TAB-Nano is a set of four spreadsheet-based file formats for representing and sharing nanomaterial data,[9][10] based on the ISA-TAB metadata standard.[11] In Europe, other templates have been adopted that were developed by the Institute of Occupational Medicine,[12] and by the Joint Research Centre for the NANoREG project.[13]
Tools[edit]
Nanoinformatics is not limited to aggregating and sharing information about nanotechnologies, but has many complementary tools, some originating from chemoinformatics and bioinformatics.[14][15]
Databases and repositories[edit]
Over the last couple of years, various databases have been made available.[16]
caNanoLab, developed by the U.S. National Cancer Institute, focuses on nanotechnologies related to biomedicine.[17] The NanoMaterials Registry, maintained by RTI International, is a curated database of nanomaterials, and includes data from caNanoLab.[18]
The eNanoMapper database, a project of the EU NanoSafety Cluster, is a deployment of the database software developed in the eNanoMapper project.[19] It has since been used in other settings, such as the EU Observatory for NanoMaterials (EUON).[20][21]
Other databases include the Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology's NanoInformatics Knowledge Commons (NIKC)[22] and NanoDatabank,[23] PEROSH's Nano Exposure & Contextual Information Database (NECID),[24] Data and Knowledge on Nanomaterials (DaNa),[25] and Springer Nature's Nano database.[26]
Applications[edit]
Nanoinformatics has applications for improving workflows in fundamental research, manufacturing, and environmental health, allowing the use of high-throughput data-driven methods to analyze broad sets of experimental results.[5]
Nanoinformatics is especially useful in nanoparticle-based cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. They are very diverse in nature due to the combinatorially large numbers of chemical and physical modifications that can be made to them, which can cause drastic changes in their functional properties. This leads to a combinatorial complexity that far exceeds, for example, genomic data.[6] Nanoinformatics can enable structure–activity relationship modelling for nanoparticle-based drugs.[6] Nanoinformatics and biomolecular nanomodeling provide a route for effective cancer treatment.[27] Nanoinformatics also enables a data-driven approach to the design of materials to meet health and environmental needs.[28]
Modeling and NanoQSAR[edit]
Viewed as a workflow process,[2] nanoinformatics deconstructs experimental studies using data, metadata, controlled vocabularies and ontologies to populate databases so that trends, regularities and theories will be uncovered for use as predictive computational tools. Models are involved at each stage, some material (experiments, reference materials, model organisms) and some abstract (ontology, mathematical formulae), and all intended as a representation of the target system. Models can be used in experimental design, may substitute for experiment or may simulate how a complex system changes over time.[29]
At present, nanoinformatics is an extension of bioinformatics due to the great opportunities for nanotechnology in medical applications, as well as to the importance of regulatory approvals to product commercialization. In these cases, the models target, their purposes, may be physico-chemical, estimating a property based on structure (quantitative structure–property relationship, QSPR); or biological, predicting biological activity based on molecular structure (quantitative structure–activity relationship, QSAR) or the time-course development of a simulation (physiologically based toxicokinetics, PBTK).[30][31] Each of these has been explored for small molecule drug development with a supporting body of literature.
Particles differ from molecular entities, especially in having surfaces that challenge nomenclature system and QSAR/PBTK model development. For example, particles do not exhibit an octanol–water partition coefficient, which acts as a motive force in QSAR/PBTK models; and they may dissolve in vivo or have band gaps.[32] Illustrative of current QSAR and PBTK models are those of Puzyn et al.[33] and Bachler et al.[34] The OECD has codified regulatory acceptance criteria,[35] and there are guidance roadmaps[12][5] with supporting workshops[36] to coordinate international efforts.
Communities[edit]
Communities active in nanoinformatics include the European Union NanoSafety Cluster,[37] The U.S. National Cancer Institute National Cancer Informatics Program's Nanotechnology Working Group,[38][39] and the US–EU Nanotechnology Communities of Research.[40]
Nanoinformatics roles, responsibilities, and communication interfaces
Individuals who engage in nanoinformatics can be viewed as fitting across four categories of roles and responsibilities for nanoinformatics methods and data:[4][41][42]
• Customers, who need either the methods to create the data, the data itself, or both, and who specify the scientific applications and characterization methods and data needs for their intended purposes;
• Creators, who develop relevant and reliable methods and data to meet the needs of customers in the nanotechnology community;
• Curators, who maintain and ensure the quality of the methods and associated data; and
• Analysts, who develop and apply methods and models for data analysis and interpretation that are consistent with the quality and quantity of the data and that meet customers’ needs.
In some instances, the same individuals perform all four roles. More often, many individuals must interact, with their roles and responsibilities extending over significant distances, organizations, and time. Effective communication is important across each of the twelve links (in both directions across each of the six pairwise interactions) that exist among the various customers, creators, curators, and analysts.[4]
History[edit]
One of the first mentions of nanoinformatics was in the context of handling information about nanotechnology.[43]
An early international workshop with substantial discussion of the need for sharing all types of information on nanotechnology and nanomaterials was the First International Symposium on Occupational Health Implications of Nanomaterials held 12–14 October 2004 at the Palace Hotel, Buxton, Derbyshire, UK.[44] The workshop report[44] included a presentation on Information Management for Nanotechnology Safety and Health[45] that described the development of a Nanoparticle Information Library (NIL) and noted that efforts to ensure the health and safety of nanotechnology workers and members of the public could be substantially enhanced by a coordinated approach to information management. The NIL subsequently served as an example for web-based sharing of characterization data for nanomaterials.[46]
The National Cancer Institute prepared in 2009 a rough vision of, what was then still called, nanotechnology informatics,[47] outlining various aspects of what nanoinformatics should comprise. This was later followed by two roadmaps, detailing existing solutions, needs, and ideas on how the field should further develop: the Nanoinformatics 2020 Roadmap[5] and the EU US Roadmap Nanoinformatics 2030.[12]
A 2013 workshop on nanoinformatics described current resources, community needs and the proposal of a collaborative framework for data sharing and information integration.[48]
See also[edit]
• Cheminformatics
• Materials informatics
References[edit]
1. ^ Hassellöv, Martin; Readman, James W.; Ranville, James F.; Tiede, Karen (2008-07-01). "Nanoparticle analysis and characterization methodologies in environmental risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles". Ecotoxicology. 17 (5): 344–361. doi:10.1007/s10646-008-0225-x. ISSN 0963-9292. PMID 18483764.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b Powers, Kevin W.; Palazuelos, Maria; Moudgil, Brij M.; Roberts, Stephen M. (2007-01-01). "Characterization of the size, shape, and state of dispersion of nanoparticles for toxicological studies". Nanotoxicology. 1 (1): 42–51. doi:10.1080/17435390701314902. ISSN 1743-5390.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b Hoover, Mark D.; Myers, David S.; Cash, Leigh J.; Guilmette, Raymond A.; Kreyling, Wolfgang G.; Oberdörster, Günter; Smith, Rachel; Cassata, James R.; Boecker, Bruce B. (2015-02-01). "Application of an Informatics-Based Decision-Making Framework and Process to the Assessment of Radiation Safety in Nanotechnology". Health Physics. 108 (2): 179–194. doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000250. ISSN 0017-9078. PMID 25551501.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c Hoover, M.D.; Cash, L.J.; Feitshans, I.L; Hendren, C.O.; Harper, S.L. (2018). "A Nanoinformatics Approach to Safety, Health, Well-being, and Productivity". In Hull, M.S.; Bowman, D.M. (eds.). Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety: Risks, Regulation, and Management (3rd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 83–117. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-813588-4.00005-1. ISBN 9780128135884.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Diana, De la Iglesia; Stacey, Harper; Mark D, Hoover; Fred, Klaessig; Phil, Lippell; Bettye, Maddux; Jeffrey, Morse; Andre, Nel; Krishna, Rajan; Rebecca, Reznik-Zellen; Mark T., Tuominen (2011). "Nanoinformatics 2020 Roadmap" (PDF). National Nanomanufacturing Network: 9–13. doi:10.4053/rp001-110413.
6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Thomas, Dennis G.; Pappu, Rohit V.; Baker, Nathan A. (February 2011). "NanoParticle Ontology for cancer nanotechnology research". Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 44 (1): 59–74. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2010.03.001. PMC 3042056. PMID 20211274.
7. ^ Maojo, Victor; Fritts, Martin; Martin-Sanchez, Fernando; De la Iglesia, Diana; Cachau, Raul E.; Garcia-Remesal, Miguel; Crespo, Jose; Mitchell, Joyce A.; Anguita, Alberto; Baker, Nathan; Barreiro, Jose Maria; Benitez, Sonia E.; De la Calle, Guillermo; Facelli, Julio C.; Ghazal, Peter; Geissbuhler, Antoine; Gonzalez-Nilo, Fernando; Graf, Norbert; Grangeat, Pierre; Hermosilla, Isabel; Hussein, Rada; Kern, Josipa; Koch, Sabine; Legre, Yannick; Lopez-Alonso, Victoria; Lopez-Campos, Guillermo; Milanesi, Luciano; Moustakis, Vassilis; Munteanu, Cristian; Otero, Paula; Pazos, Alejandro; Perez-Rey, David; Potamias, George; Sanz, Ferran; Kulikowski, Casimir (7 March 2012). "Nanoinformatics: developing new computing applications for nanomedicine". Computing. 94 (6): 521–539. doi:10.1007/s00607-012-0191-2. PMID 22942787.
8. ^ Hastings, Janna; Jeliazkova, Nina; Owen, Gareth; Tsiliki, Georgia; Munteanu, Cristian R; Steinbeck, Christoph; Willighagen, Egon (21 March 2015). "eNanoMapper: harnessing ontologies to enable data integration for nanomaterial risk assessment". Journal of Biomedical Semantics. 6 (1): 10. doi:10.1186/s13326-015-0005-5. PMC 4374589. PMID 25815161.
9. ^ Thomas, Dennis G; Gaheen, Sharon; Harper, Stacey L; Fritts, Martin; Klaessig, Fred; Hahn-Dantona, Elizabeth; Paik, David; Pan, Sue; Stafford, Grace A (2013). "ISA-TAB-Nano: A Specification for Sharing Nanomaterial Research Data in Spreadsheet-based Format". BMC Biotechnology. 13 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-13-2. ISSN 1472-6750. PMC 3598649. PMID 23311978.
10. ^ Marchese Robinson, Richard L; Cronin, Mark T D; Richarz, Andrea-Nicole; Rallo, Robert (5 October 2015). "An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 6: 1978–1999. doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202. PMC 4660926. PMID 26665069.
11. ^ González-Beltrán, Alejandra; Maguire, Eamonn; Sansone, Susanna-Assunta; Rocca-Serra, Philippe (27 November 2014). "linkedISA: semantic representation of ISA-Tab experimental metadata". BMC Bioinformatics. 15 (S14). doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-S14-S4. PMC 4255742. PMID 25472428.
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13. ^ Totaro, Sara; Crutzen, Hugues; Sintes, Juan Riego (2017). Data logging templates for the environmental, health and safety assessment of nanomaterials. ISBN 978-92-79-62614-2. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
14. ^ Melagraki, Georgia; Afantitis, Antreas (February 2018). "Computational toxicology: From cheminformatics to nanoinformatics". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 112: 476–477. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.014.
15. ^ Panneerselvam, Suresh; Choi, Sangdun (25 April 2014). "Nanoinformatics: Emerging Databases and Available Tools". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 15 (5): 7158–7182. doi:10.3390/ijms15057158.
16. ^ Willighagen, Egon; Jeliazkov, Vedrin; Jeliazkova, Nina; Smeets, Bart; P. Mustad, Axel (7 October 2014). "Summary of the Spring 2014 NSC Database Survey". Figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.1195888.v1.
17. ^ Gaheen, Sharon; Hinkal, George W; Morris, Stephanie A; Lijowski, Michal; Heiskanen, Mervi; Klemm, Juli D (21 November 2013). "caNanoLab: data sharing to expedite the use of nanotechnology in biomedicine". Computational Science & Discovery. 6 (1): 014010. Bibcode:2013CS&D....6a4010G. doi:10.1088/1749-4699/6/1/014010. PMC 4215642. PMID 25364375.
18. ^ Mills, Karmann; Ostraat, Michele L; Guzan, Kimberly; Murry, Damaris (September 2013). "The Nanomaterial Registry: facilitating the sharing and analysis of data in the diverse nanomaterial community". International Journal of Nanomedicine: 7. doi:10.2147/IJN.S40722. PMID 24098075.
19. ^ Jeliazkova, Nina; Chomenidis, Charalampos; Doganis, Philip; Fadeel, Bengt; Grafström, Roland; Hardy, Barry; Hastings, Janna; Hegi, Markus; Jeliazkov, Vedrin; Kochev, Nikolay; Kohonen, Pekka; Munteanu, Cristian R; Sarimveis, Haralambos; Smeets, Bart; Sopasakis, Pantelis; Tsiliki, Georgia; Vorgrimmler, David; Willighagen, Egon (27 July 2015). "The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 6: 1609–1634. doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165. PMC 4578352. PMID 26425413.
20. ^ "Echa launches EU nanomaterials observatory". Chemical Watch. 15 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
21. ^ "Echa adds new databases to EU nanomaterials observatory". Chemical Watch. 12 June 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
22. ^ "Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology". Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology.
23. ^ "NanoDatabank". Nanoinfo.org. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
24. ^ "Nano Exposure & Contextual Information Database (NECID)". Partnership for European Research in Occupational Safety and Health (PEROSH). Retrieved 2019-05-24.
25. ^ "Nanoparticles & Nanomaterials Knowledge Base". Data and Knowledge on Nanomaterials.
26. ^ "Springer Nature expands its nanotechnology research solution with the inclusion of over 22 million patents". EurekAlert!. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
27. ^ Sharma, Neha; Sharma, Mala; Sajid Jamal, Qazi M.; Kamal, Mohammad A.; Akhtar, Salman (2019-04-25). "Nanoinformatics and biomolecular nanomodeling: a novel move en route for effective cancer treatment". Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-05152-8. ISSN 1614-7499. PMID 31025282.
28. ^ Rajan, Krishnan (2018). "Data-Driven Materials Design for Health and Environmental Needs". In Hull, M.S.; Bowman, D.M. (eds.). Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety: Risks, Regulation, and Management (3rd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 119–150. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-813588-4.00005-1. ISBN 978-0-12-813588-4.
29. ^ Frigg, Roman; Nguyen, James (2017). "Models and representation". In Magnani, Lorenzo; Bertolotti, Tommaso (eds.). Springer handbook of model-based science. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp. 49–102. ISBN 9783319305264. OCLC 987910975.
30. ^ Peters, Sheila Annie. (2011). Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling and Simulations : Principles, Methods, and Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. ISBN 978-0470484067. OCLC 794619804.
31. ^ Fujita, Toshio; Winkler, David A. (2016-02-22). "Understanding the Roles of the "Two QSARs"". Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 56 (2): 269–274. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00229. ISSN 1549-960X. PMID 26754147.
32. ^ Kaweeteerawat, Chitrada; Ivask, Angela; Liu, Rong; Zhang, Haiyuan; Chang, Chong Hyun; Low-Kam, Cecile; Fischer, Heidi; Ji, Zhaoxia; Pokhrel, Suman (2015-01-20). "Toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in Escherichia coli correlates with conduction band and hydration energies". Environmental Science & Technology. 49 (2): 1105–1112. Bibcode:2015EnST...49.1105K. doi:10.1021/es504259s. ISSN 1520-5851. PMID 25563693.
33. ^ Puzyn, Tomasz; Rasulev, Bakhtiyor; Gajewicz, Agnieszka; Hu, Xiaoke; Dasari, Thabitha P.; Michalkova, Andrea; Hwang, Huey-Min; Toropov, Andrey; Leszczynska, Danuta (2011). "Using nano-QSAR to predict the cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles". Nature Nanotechnology. 6 (3): 175–178. Bibcode:2011NatNa...6..175P. doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.10. ISSN 1748-3395. PMID 21317892.
34. ^ Bachler, Gerald; von Goetz, Natalie; Hungerbühler, Konrad (2013). "A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for ionic silver and silver nanoparticles". International Journal of Nanomedicine. 8: 3365–3382. doi:10.2147/IJN.S46624. ISSN 1178-2013. PMC 3771750. PMID 24039420.
35. ^ "Guidance Document on the Validation of (Quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationship [(Q)SAR] Models". www.oecd-ilibrary.org. OECD Environment Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment No. 69. Organization for Co-operation and Development. 2007.
36. ^ Winkler, David A.; Mombelli, Enrico; Pietroiusti, Antonio; Tran, Lang; Worth, Andrew; Fadeel, Bengt; McCall, Maxine J. (2013-11-08). "Applying quantitative structure-activity relationship approaches to nanotoxicology: current status and future potential". Toxicology. 313 (1): 15–23. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.005. ISSN 1879-3185. PMID 23165187.
37. ^ "About the NanoSafety Cluster". EU NanoSafety Cluster. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
38. ^ "Nanotechnology Working Group". National Cancer Informatics Program Hub. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
39. ^ "Nanotechnology Working Group". U.S. National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
40. ^ "US–EU Nanotechnology Communities of Research". US–EU Nanotechnology Communities of Research. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
41. ^ Hendren, Christine Ogilvie; Powers, Christina M.; Hoover, Mark D.; Harper, Stacey L. (2015). "The Nanomaterial Data Curation Initiative: A collaborative approach to assessing, evaluating, and advancing the state of the field". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 6: 1752–1762. doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.179. ISSN 2190-4286. PMC 4578388. PMID 26425427.
42. ^ Woodall, George M.; Hoover, Mark D.; Williams, Ronald; Benedict, Kristen; Harper, Martin; Soo, Jhy-Charm; Jarabek, Annie M.; Stewart, Michael J.; Brown, James S. (2017). "Interpreting Mobile and Handheld Air Sensor Readings in Relation to Air Quality Standards and Health Effect Reference Values: Tackling the Challenges". Atmosphere. 8 (10): 182. Bibcode:2017Atmos...8..182W. doi:10.3390/atmos8100182. ISSN 2073-4433. PMC 5662140. PMID 29093969.
43. ^ Porter, Alan L.; Youtie, Jan; Shapira, Philip; Schoeneck, David J. (3 August 2007). "Refining search terms for nanotechnology". Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 10 (5): 715–728. doi:10.1007/s11051-007-9266-y.
44. ^ Jump up to:a b Mark, David, ed. (2004). Nanomaterials: A risk to health at Work? Report of Presentations at Plenary and Workshop Sessions and Summary of Conclusions from the First International Symposium on Occupational Health Implications of Nanomaterials held 12-14 October 2004 at the Palace Hotel, Buxton, Derbyshire, UK (PDF). Buxton, UK: Health and Safety Laboratory.
45. ^ Hoover, Mark D.; Miller, Arthur L.; Lowe, Nathan T.; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Day, Gregory L.; Linch, Kenneth D. (2004). "Information Management for Nanotechnology Safety and Health" (PDF). In Mark, David (ed.). Nanomaterials: A risk to health at Work? Report of Presentations at Plenary and Workshop Sessions and Summary of Conclusions from the First International Symposium on Occupational Health Implications of Nanomaterials held 12-14 October 2004 at the Palace Hotel, Buxton, Derbyshire, UK. Buxton, UK: Health and Safety Laboratory. p. 110.
46. ^ Miller, Arthur L.; Hoover, Mark D.; Mitchell, David M.; Stapleton, Brian P. (2007). "The Nanoparticle Information Library (NIL): a prototype for linking and sharing emerging data". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 4 (12): D131–134. doi:10.1080/15459620701683947. ISSN 1545-9624. PMID 17924276.
47. ^ Baker, Nathan (February 2009). Nanotechnology Informatics White Paper.
48. ^ Harper, Stacey L.; Hutchison, James E.; Baker, Nathan; Ostraat, Michele; Tinkle, Sally; Steevens, Jeffrey; Hoover, Mark D.; Adamick, Jessica; Rajan, Krishna (2013). "Nanoinformatics workshop report: Current resources, community needs, and the proposal of a collaborative framework for data sharing and information integration". Computational Science & Discovery. 6 (1): 14008. Bibcode:2013CS&D....6a4008H. doi:10.1088/1749-4699/6/1/014008. ISSN 1749-4699. PMC 3895330. PMID 24454543.