Sylvia Ontaneda-Bernales, Immigration Attorney

Sylvia Ontaneda-Bernales, Immigration Attorney Bilingual attorney ONTANEDA-BERNALES creatively resolves critical immigration issues related to business and family-based visa petitions. P. O.

IMMIGRATION PRACTICE -- SE HABLA ESPAÑOL

Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Visas, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), Family-based Visa Petitions (Spouse, Fiance/Fiancee, Child, among others), Permanent Residence/Green Card Applications, Employment Authorization, Travel Documents, Citizenship Certifications, Naturalization, Citizenship Applications, Waivers. Aggressive and Effective Represe

ntation. Payment Plans and Flat Rates Available

FOR AN APPOINTMENT WRITE, CALL OR E-MAIL:

Sylvia Ontaneda-Bernales, Esq. Box 53382
Albuquerque, NM 87153
775-636-8038
[email protected]

A Firm for the 21st Century
SERVING YOUR COMMUNITY, AMERICA, AND THE WORLD

DISCLAIMER: Attorney Ontaneda-Bernales is licensed in Maryland and Washington, D.C. Her practice is limited to immigration law only. This page is not intended to be advertising and Attorney Sylvia Ontaneda-Bernales does not wish to represent anyone desiring representation based upon viewing this page in a state where this page fails to comply with all laws and ethical rules of that state. The materials contained in this page have been prepared by Sylvia Ontaneda-Bernales for informational purposes only and are not legal advice. In addition, none of the information provided herein should be construed by anyone as a substitute for obtaining legal advice from an attorney licensed in your state, or an attorney qualified to practice US federal immigration law. Information contained in this page or found at links launched from this page is provided only as general information which may or may not reflect the most current legal developments. Therefore, Page fans, Internet subscribers and online readers should not act upon this information without seeking professional counsel. Please do not send us confidential information until you speak with attorney Sylvia Ontaneda-Bernales and get authorization to send that information. Any information sent via Internet e-mail may not be secure and is sent on a non-confidential basis. The information in this Page or transmission of this Page or their receipt in part or in whole, or communication from or by Attorney Sylvia Ontaneda-Bernales via Internet e-mail through this Page, is not intended to create and does not constitute an attorney-client relationship between Attorney Sylvia Ontaneda-Bernales and the Page visitor, reader, writer or recipient.

05/22/2026

US ENDS 50-YEAR OLD PRACTICE AFFORDING ADJUSTMENT OF STATUS TO NON-IMMIGRANTS WHO ARE LAWFULLY IN THE COUNTRY.

Up until May 21, 2026 certain non-immigrants in the US who entered with a temporary visa could Adjust Status and obtain a Green Card while still present in this country, as long as they were eligible under law and were thoroughly vetted.

BELOW is an expanded explanation. Read carefully. Every word and phrase is important.
**************
For 50 years, certain categories of nonimmigrants and foreign students have been able to successfully apply for Adjustment of Status (AOS) when they originally entered the U.S. with lawful, nonimmigrant intent, and their circumstances later genuinely changed. Typical success scenarios dependeded heavily on their specific visa type and relationship to a U.S. petitioner.

CATEGORIES AND RULES EXPLAINED
1. Immediate Relatives of U.S. Citizens

• The Rule: If they entered legally (inspected and admitted on a tourist/student visa) and marry a U.S. citizen, or are the parent of a U.S. citizen over 21, they are considered an "Immediate Relative".
• When it works: They can file a concurrent AOS application (Form I-130 and Form I-485) as long as they can prove they entered the U.S. with temporary intent and did not commit visa fraud (i.e., they didn't plan to immigrate prior to entering the country).

2. Family-Sponsored or Employment-Based Categories

• The Rule: They enter the U.S. legally, but their underlying visa petition allows for "dual intent" or they qualify for an exception under Section 245(i) of the INA.
• When it works:
• Dual Intent Visas: Categories like H-1B, L-1, or O-1 allow them to apply for a green card or change their status to an immigrant at any point without violating their visa status, as they are legally permitted to hold "immigrant intent".
• Standard Categories (EB-2, EB-3, Family Preference): Students (F-1) and tourists (B-1/B-2) can file AOS in these categories, but they must maintain their underlying nonimmigrant status perfectly until the exact day their priority date becomes current and their I-485 is filed.

3. The 90-Day Rule

• When it works: If they apply for AOS shortly after entering as a tourist or student, USCIS scrutinizes their original intent. Historically, USCIS used a strict "30/60/90-day rule." While this exact rule is no longer officially in place, USCIS will investigate and could deny their AOS if they take major steps toward permanent residency (such as marrying and filing) within the first 90 days of their entry.

4. Who Generally Cannot Adjust Status

• Visa Waiver Program (ESTA): If they entered on ESTA (WT/WB status), they cannot adjust status unless they are the immediate relative of a U.S. citizen.
• J-1 Exchange Visitors: If their J-1 status subjects them to the two-year home-country physical presence requirement, they cannot adjust status until they return home for two years or obtain an approved Form I-612 waiver.

Key Eligibility Checklists
To successfully file for AOS from within the United States, they generally must meet these USCIS Adjustment of Status criteria:
• Lawful Entry: They must have been physically inspected and admitted/paroled into the U.S.
• Visa Availability: An immigrant visa must be immediately available to them (i.e., their Priority Date is current based on the Visa Bulletin).
• Admissibility: They must not have any bars to AOS, such as unlawful presence without an exception, criminal records, or prior immigration fraud.

IF YOU REACHED THIS POINT, READ THE FIRST COMMENT AND THE REPLY TO LEARN HOW AND WHY THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION HAS DONE AWAY WITH THIS EXTREMELY STRICT PROCESS BEGINNING ON MAY 22, 2026.

DIVERSITY VISA ISSUANCE SUSPENSION CONTINUES. 7
04/11/2026

DIVERSITY VISA ISSUANCE SUSPENSION CONTINUES. 7

Why are diversity visa issuances being paused? The Department of State is committed to ensuring that its visa process upholds the highest standards for U.S. national security and public safety. This action is being taken in light of concerns raised by the shooting at Brown University and killing of....

https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1CEzjuKiNU/
04/11/2026

https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1CEzjuKiNU/

In Case You Missed It: The Department of State has paused issuance of all diversity immigrant visas. We will take the time and the measures necessary to protect U.S. national security and public safety. There are no new announcements regarding DV-2027 at this time. More information at https://ow.ly/H8pj50XU8mp

OPPOSITION TO ID_DOJ_OAG_2026_0001_0001
03/17/2026

OPPOSITION TO ID_DOJ_OAG_2026_0001_0001

THERE ARE LEGAL REMEDIES FOR ANYONE ATTACKED BY ICEIndividuals who have been physically assaulted, traumatized, or had t...
01/24/2026

THERE ARE LEGAL REMEDIES FOR ANYONE ATTACKED BY ICE

Individuals who have been physically assaulted, traumatized, or had their property vandalized by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents have access to legal resources and avenues for recourse, regardless of their immigration status. While suing federal agents directly is difficult, mechanisms exist to hold the federal government accountable. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Here are the primary legal resources and steps for individuals in these situations:
1. Legal Avenues for Seeking Damages and Accountability

• Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA): This is a key mechanism for suing the federal government for monetary damages when federal employees—including ICE agents—cause bodily injury, wrongful death, or property damage (such as vandalism during a raid).
• Bivens Actions: In limited circumstances, individuals can sue federal agents personally for violating their constitutional rights (e.g., Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches).
• Administrative Complaints: Complaints can be filed with the ICE Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) for misconduct (1-833-4ICE-OPR).
• Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (CRCL): Complaints regarding civil rights abuses, including excessive force, can be filed with the DHS CRCL. [3, 5, 6, 7]

2. Legal Aid and Advocacy Organizations
Many organizations provide free or low-cost legal representation to victims of ICE misconduct:

• Lawyers for Civil Rights (LCR): Known for filing complaints on behalf of families subjected to brutality, excessive force, and property damage.
• American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU): Provides resources to defend against rights violations, including illegal searches and seizures.
• National Immigration Law Center (NILC): Offers resources for filing civil rights complaints.
• Immigrant Defense Project (IDP): Offers "Know Your Rights" booklets and legal information.
• Local Legal Aid Offices: Local nonprofits often provide free legal services to immigrants, regardless of status. [7, 11, 12, 13, 14]

3. Immediate Protections and Support

• Right to Remain Silent: Even if undocumented, individuals have the right to remain silent and do not have to answer questions about their status or birthplace.
• Right to a Judicial Warrant: ICE cannot enter a home without a valid warrant signed by a judge or magistrate.
• Medical and Psychological Support: Victims of trauma can seek assistance through local legal aid, which often partners with NGOs to provide services for survivors of crime and abuse.
• Victims of Immigration Crime Engagement (VOICE) Office: Provides support to victims of crimes, though primarily focused on crimes committed by non-citizens, it serves as a resource for support. [4, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]

Important Considerations

• Evidence is Critical: It is important to document everything: take photos of vandalized property, document injuries, and record badge numbers if possible.
• Statute of Limitations: There are strict deadlines for filing FTCA claims (usually two years for administrative claims).
• Don't Sign Anything: If detained, do not sign any documents (especially voluntary departure) before speaking with an attorney. [17, 20]

Disclaimer: The information above is for informational purposes based on search results and does not constitute legal advice.

AI responses may include mistakes.

[1] https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-options-victims-crime
[2] https://www.ice.gov/prea
[3] https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/why-it-is-difficult-sue-ice-agents-2026-01-15/
[4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28mkEdppO2s
[5] https://www.acslaw.org/expertforum/when-ice-agents-break-the-law-can-victims-sue-the-supreme-court-hints-yes-will-the-eleventh-circuit-listen/
[6] https://www.ice.gov/contact
[7]https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/civil-rights-complaint-form-2010-04.pdf
[8] https://www.epicfoundation.org.za/web/people-making-a-difference.asp
[9] https://federal-criminal.com/sentencing/victim-rights-in-us-federal-restitution-enforcement-procedures/
[10] https://www.respicio.ph/dear-attorney/comprehensive-guidance-on-filing-a-scam-report-under-philippine-law
[11]https://accesstojustice.nmcourts.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2023/11/Legal-Resources-Guide-2.0-002-6.pdf
[12] https://lawyersforcivilrights.org/our-impact/immigrant-rights/complaint-filed-after-ice-smashes-car-window/
[13] https://www.immigrantdefenseproject.org/know-your-rights-with-ice/
[14] https://ktla.com/news/california/ice-raids-what-are-your-rights-when-approached-by-an-immigration-officer/
[15] https://bell.house.gov/knowyourrights
[16] https://www.ice.gov/voice
[17] https://www.ilrc.org/community-resources/know-your-rights/know-your-rights-when-confronted-ice-flyer
[18] https://www.peaceoverviolence.org/legal-services
[19] https://www.ilrc.org/community-resources/know-your-rights/know-your-rights-when-confronted-ice-flyer
[20] https://mitchthelawyer.substack.com/p/how-to-sue-ice-agents-when-your-rights

U.S. law provides protections for legal and undocumented immigrants who have been crime victims: domestic violence, certain crimes, and human trafficking.

What US benefits are immigrants entitled to receive?
11/13/2025

What US benefits are immigrants entitled to receive?

10/27/2025

CAN YOU PASS THE NEW CITIZENSHIP TEST?
Only if you answer 12 out of 20 questions correctly (there are 128 questions in the bank; this is a sample).
(ESPAÑOL en los comentarios.)

1. What is the purpose of the Federalist Papers? To explain the US Constitution and encourage its ratification.
2. Who is known as the father of the US Constitution? James Madison.
3. What is one important thing that Alexander Hamilton did? He was the first secretary of the Treasury and helped write the Federalist papers.
4. What is the 10th Amendment about? Powers not given to the federal government belong to the state.
5. What is the supremacy clause of the US Constitution? It says the US Constitution and the federal laws are the highest laws of the land.
6. Why did the Americans fight the British in the Revolutionary War? Because of high taxes and lack of self-government.
7. What does the judicial branch do? Reviews laws and resolves disputes.
8. What is one power that the federal government has? Print money, make treaties or declare war.
9. Give one example of the checks and balances of the US Constitution. The president can veto a law and Congress can override the veto.
10. Name the three branches of the federal government and why we have it. Executive, legislative, and judicial. And we have it so not one branch becomes all too powerful.
11. What are the major political ideologies of the United States today? Liberal or conservative, Democrat or Republican.
12. What does the Bill of Rights do? It protects the basic rights of the people.
13. What is the purpose of the pledge of allegiance? gives loyalty to the United States and to the US flag.
14. What was the Louisiana purchase? The United States bought land from France in 1803 and doubled the size of the United States.
15. What movement tried to end racial discrimination? The civil rights movement.
16. Name two ways Americans can participate in democracy. Vote, volunteer, contact an elected official, join a civic group, run for office.
17. What is one promise you make when you become a US citizen? To obey the laws of the United States and the US Constitution.
18. Why is it important to pay your taxes? Taxes fund government services like our defense, schools, roads.
19. What are the colors of the US flag and what do they represent? Red for courage, white for purity, blue for justice.
20. Why is the declaration of independence important? It announced our independence from Great Britain and announced that all people are created equal.

ICE puede interrogar, inspeccionar, detener, y arrestar a cualquier persona (ya sea inmigrante o ciudadana/o) dentro de ...
10/08/2025

ICE puede interrogar, inspeccionar, detener, y arrestar a cualquier persona (ya sea inmigrante o ciudadana/o) dentro de las 100 millas alrededor de los EEUU, inclusive Alaska, y violar los derechos humanos y civiles de esas personas sin mayores consecuencias para los agentes del gobierno.

10/03/2025

CHECKS AND MONEY ORDERS NO LONGER ACCEPTED BY USCIS BEGINNING OCTOBER 28, 2025.
Payments will have to be made by completed and signed authorization for ACH Transactions (form G-1650) or authorization for credit card transactions (form G-1450).

LA USCIS YA NO ACEPTARÁ CHEQUES NI GIROS POSTALES DESDE EL 28 DE OCTUBRE, 2025.
Los pagos deberán realizarse mediante autorización completada y firmada para las transacciones de ACH (formulario G-1650) o autorización para transacciones con tarjeta de crédito (formulario G-1450).

09/26/2025

Si tiene planes de visitar los Estados Unidos en el futuro, prepárese para ser entrevistado y para pagar más por su visa; también, espere más demoras en las embajadas y consulados de los Estados Unidos.

Si vous prévoyez de visiter les États-Unis à l'avenir, soyez prêt à être interviewé et à payer davantage pour votre visa ; attendez-vous également à une attente plus longue dans les ambassades et consulats des États-Unis.

If you plan to visit the US in the future, be prepared to be interviewed and pay more for your visa; also, expect a longer wait at US embassies and consulates.

New US Visa Rules in 2025: How Mandatory In-Person Interviews and Higher Fees Will Affect Global Travel - Travel And Tour World

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