20/07/2022
🔴Forensic Criminal Investigation
🔴فرانزک مجرمانہ تفتیش ۔ کیا فنگر پرنٹس کو تبدیل کیا جا سکتا ہے اور فنگر پرنٹس تبدیل کرنے کے لئے کون سے طریقے استعمال کئے جاتے ہیں ؟
🔵Alteration of fingerprints
Alteration of fingerprints may be (a) Natural (b) Occupational (c) Intentional[mutilation].
◾a. Natural
Fingerprints are better protected than other parts of the body, and are thus noteasy to change [eg in burns, the fingers reflexly bend inwards against the palm protecting fingerprint patterns].
Following changes are most important
(1) Overall pattern retained, but there is change of distance between ridges – in
(i) Acromegaly
(ii) Infantile paralysis
(iii) Rickets.
Memory Aid 37: Natural causes of alteration of fingerprints
AIR – Gives 3 most common natural causes when overall fingerprint pattern is retained, but there is changeof distance between ridges
(2) Complete loss of pattern – in (i) Burns (ii) Coeliac disease
(3) Epidermal ridge atrophy - in (i) Coeliac disease
(4) Incomplete atrophy of ridges - in (i) Dermatitis
(5) Permanent impairment of fingerprint pattern - in (i) Electrical injury (ii)
Leprosy (iii) Radiation exposure
(6) Ridge alteration - in (i) Acanthosis nigricans (ii) Eczema (iii) Scleroderma(iv) Skin atrophy.
◾b. Occupational
In manual laborers working with cement, gravel, lime, sand etc, fingerprint ridges may get damaged.
◾c. Intentional
(1) Used by: (i) Criminals to avoid detection by police (ii) Illegal immigrants
(iii) Refugees
(2) Methods used are
(i) Abrading with a rasping device [a tool similar to a file, used for shaping wood
or other material]
(ii) Burns
(iii) Cauterization
(iv) Corrosives
(v) Rubbing against a hard surface
(vi) Self inflicted wounds [by knifes, needles, biting or chewing skin off]
(vii) Skin grafting [plastic surgery] from other portions of body, eg chest.
(viii) Transmogrification - changing into a different pattern, by removing two or
more portions of fingerprints and exchanging their places. By doing so,
