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LEGAL SENSE Consultancy, Akure (2026)

18/05/2026

𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐀𝐂𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐘𝐎𝐔 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐓 𝐍𝐄𝐕𝐄𝐑 𝐏𝐀𝐘 𝐂𝐀𝐒𝐇 𝐅𝐎𝐑
Making cash payments for high-value transactions can be risky. There is the obvious security concern and the possibility of receiving counterfeit notes. Beyond these practical risks, paying or receiving cash payment for car and land transaction is a criminal offence in Nigeria.

This point was reaffirmed in ALIYU v. FRN (2026) LPELR-83493 (SC), where the Supreme Court made it clear that the law does not permit cash payments for the purchase of landed property, motor vehicles, or even securities like shares. Receding cash payment for them is contrary to Section 22(1)(a) of the Foreign Exchange (Monitoring and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act.

If you are buying or selling land or car, you are not allowed to make or accept payment in cash. It does not matter whether the cash is in naira or any foreign currency.

The law requires that such payments must go through proper banking channels; either by bank transfer or cheque paid through a Nigerian bank.

This requirement is designed to promote transparency, reduce fraud, and make it easier to trace financial transactions. Cash dealings in high-value transactions often leave no paper trail, which can encourage sharp practices and disputes.

If you are involved in buying or selling land or a vehicle, avoid cash payment no matter how convenient it seems. Always insist on traceable payment methods. It protects you, and more importantly, keeps you within the law.

Sometimes, what feels like a normal “quick payment” can quietly expose you to serious legal consequences.

11/05/2026

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐊𝐄𝐒 𝐓𝐎 𝐀𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐀𝐂𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒.
Land acquisition could be a good investment if well handled and it could be a big challenge, if care is not taken. Many land disputes are products of vital mistakes at the point of purchase. Let's consider three:

❌ 𝐁𝐮𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐚 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐱𝐲.
Some women usually feel more “secure” attaching a man to their land purchase. Others simply bow to the seller's pressure to provide a male to stand in for them.

This can lead to complication and blur the line of ownership. The proxy may start acting like the real owner, and proving interest becomes harder than it should be for the actual purchaser. Legally, a woman has a right to acquire landed properties without buying through a proxy.

❌ 𝐁𝐮𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧 𝐮𝐧𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐧 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝.
Good intention is not enough; legal capacity is essential. Generally, a person under rather age of 21 cannot own a land.

❌ 𝐏𝐚𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝.
One person in a family may appear to have authority, but title in a family land cannot be legally transferred by a single member. Paying one individual without proper consent from the family members can undo the entire transaction later.

In land matters, authority must be proven and not assumed. Land acquisition must not be done out of sheer excitement or pressure alone. Due diligence is always a safeguard. No

10/05/2026

Happy Mother’s Day to all the amazing mothers and mother figures.

Today, we celebrate your strength, your sacrifices, and the many ways you hold families and legacies together with quiet strength.

04/05/2026

𝐄𝐗𝐂𝐈𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍, 𝐆𝐀𝐙𝐄𝐓𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐎𝐂𝐂𝐔𝐏𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐘.
In land transactions, people sometimes get confused about the legal implications of excision, gazettement and C of O. These terms often come up, and they are frequently misunderstood or even used to mislead buyers.

Excision describes a situation where the government has decided to release a portion of land it previously acquired, usually back to the original community or family. At this stage, nothing is fully settled. When land is described as “under excision” or “excision in process,” it simply means the approval is not yet complete. That is a high-risk purchase.

Gazettement is what gives excision weight. A Gazette is the official publication showing that the government has approved and documented the release of that land. At this point, the land is no longer under acquisition. However, it still belongs to the community or family - not an individual buyer.

A Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) is issued by the Governor under the Land Use Act and serves as formal recognition that a particular individual or entity has the right to occupy that land. It remains one of the strongest forms of title in Nigeria.

The mistake many people make is assuming these terms mean the same thing. Before you pay for land, don’t just rely on what it is “called.” Ask questions, sponsor due diligence, and verify documents.

Buying land without understanding these differences can lead to:

✖️ Buying land still under government acquisition
✖️ Losing land without compensation
✖️ Endless disputes or demolition issues

27/04/2026

𝐋𝐄𝐆𝐀𝐋 𝐄𝐅𝐅𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐏𝐔𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐒𝐄 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐈𝐏𝐓 𝐈𝐍 𝐍𝐈𝐆𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐀.
Many people buy land or a house and try to “save” money by postponing the preparation of proper title documents in respect of that property.

Some also hand the process over to non - professionals to cut cost, while many simply rely on Affidavits or land purchase receipt issued by the seller.

A purchase receipt does not make the person whose name appears on it the legal owner of land. At best, it only shows that money exchanged hands in respect of the land, and it may serve as supporting evidence where a buyer seeks to recover money if the transaction fails.

The Nigerian law recognises specific ways of proving title to land, and a mere purchase receipt is not one of them.

While a land receipt is not completely useless, its role is limited. It can support a claim, but it cannot stand on its own as proof of ownership.
When a buyer relies on a receipt alone, they become:

❌ Vulnerable to fraud, including multiple sales of the same land to others

❌ Exposed to competing claims and law suit from other buyers.

❌ Unable to properly defend ownership in court.

❌ Disadvantaged in resale or lease, as informed buyers or leasee will avoid properties without proper title documentation.

In practical terms, a receipt answers only one question: “was money paid?” It does not answer the more important question of ownership and title.

To properly secure ownership, there should be a valid title document (such as a Deed of Assignment) duly executed and, where applicable, perfected in line with the Land Use Act.

If you bought a land without a proper title document, treat it as urgent. Do not wait until there is a dispute before you secure, regularise and protect the property.

20/04/2026

𝐀𝐂𝐊𝐍𝐎𝐖𝐋𝐄𝐃𝐆𝐄𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐔𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒
Acknowledging a document simply means confirming that you have received it - nothing more.

It does not mean you agree with its contents, accept its terms, or waive your right to challenge it.

In tenancy matters, for example, tenants often refuse to acknowledge notices from landlords out of fear. That fear is misplaced. You can acknowledge a document and still disagree with it or take legal action if necessary.

Some people also reject court processes or even attempt to harm the bailiff serving them. Such behavior is legally risky. Evading service does not stop the matter from proceeding, and such actions may constitute an offence.

A proper acknowledgement can be as simple as writing: "original copy received,” then adding your name, signature, and date.

If you have an issue with the content, address it through the proper legal channels.

13/04/2026

𝐉𝐔𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐒𝐄𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍
Judicial separation (also called legal separation) is what a person can apply for when a marriage has broken down, but they are not ready to end it completely.

It is different from dissolution of marriage (divorce). In divorce, the marriage is legally ended. When the relief of judicial separation os granted, the marriage still exists.

The court simply allows the couple to live apart, especially in situations where living together has become unsafe, difficult, or no longer workable. However, because the marriage is still valid, neither party can marry someone else.

Even while separated, some rights and responsibilities remain. For example, a spouse can still inherit if the other dies without a will, the court can order financial support, and both parties can still deal with joint property.

Judicial separation does not bring the marriage to an end, it only creates space. If things do not improve, either party can still apply for divorce later. If the couple later decides to come back together, the court can cancel the separation.
Judicial separation is not the end of a marriage, it's just a legal pause with room for reconciliation.

30/03/2026

𝐋𝐄𝐆𝐀𝐋 𝐒𝐔𝐁𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐈𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐔𝐓𝐈𝐋𝐀𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐂𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐄𝐒
Certificates can get missing, damaged, or even destroyed due to unforeseen circumstances. When this happens, the next step is not to “replace” them carelessly, but to obtain the proper legal substitute.

It is important to note that not every certificate can be reissued after loss or mutilation.

For instance:
The NYSC certificate is not reissued. What you get instead is a Letter of Confirmation.

Birth certificate is not reissued. Its replacement is an Attestation of Birth.

For a marriage certificate, the valid substitute is a Certified True Copy from the registry or Ministry that issued it.

As for CAC incorporation documents, a Certified True Copy can be obtained.

Trying to obtain a fresh certificate through unofficial means can create duplicate records. Once that happens, both documents may become questionable, because no two valid certificates carry the same number.

Keep your certificates properly and safe. When the unexpected happens, do not seek backdoor replacement.

23/03/2026

PROPER DESIGNATION IN AN AGREEMENT
Whether you are buying property, entering a contract, or forming a partnership, a well-structured agreement is essential. A standard agreement does more than guide the transaction, it protects the parties involved.

However, one detail that is often overlooked is the accuracy of the parties’ information and designation in the agreement. This usually happens when documents are drafted without professional guidance.

There is a correct way to describe each party in an agreement. An individual is not described in the same way as a company, an incorporated trustee, or even a family arrangement. Using the wrong description can mean the agreement is not binding on the right party at all.

Any small error in how a party is identified (no matter how minor they may seem) can create serious problems. They may affect the validity of the agreement or expose a buyer to significant financial loss.

It is therefore important to always verify the names, titles, and legal status of all parties before signing any document.

For safety and prudence, ensure that agreements are properly drafted and reviewed by qualified professionals. Good intentions alone are not enough if they are not clearly and accurately expressed in writing.

A little diligence now can save you from serious stress and significant financial loss later.

16/03/2026

The Chairman of the Association of Spare Part Sellers promised that the association would buy land and build its own Secretariat during his tenure.

True to his word, he purchased the land in the name of the association and contributed additional funds to supplement members’ dues.

Construction had begun when the seller suddenly changed his mind. He said he would either return the money or demand more. The association refused, and the seller challenged them to take the matter to court, claiming he was only trying to be fair by offering their money in the first place. He argued that the association that bought the land was not registered.

__________
An entity that is not registered (incorporated) does not exist in the eyes of the law. It cannot legally own or sell property in its unregistered name.

Buying property in the name of an unregistered Association or union with the intention of registering and “perfecting” the paperwork later is risky.

The name might no longer be available, and legal issues can arise at any time.

02/03/2026

𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐃𝐎𝐌 𝐈𝐍 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐊 𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐏𝐔𝐁𝐋𝐈𝐂 𝐒𝐏𝐀𝐂𝐄𝐒
Religious fasting is a personal discipline, and the law protects the right to willing participation and observance.

At a time when religions with notable followings in Nigeria are observing structured fasting, it is important to restate the constitutional guarantee of freedom of conscience, thought, and religion as provided in Section 38 of the 1999 Constitution.

This freedom is not terminated by the employment relationship. An employer cannot legally compel an employee to refrain from eating simply because the employer is fasting. Religious fasting is personal, and its observance cannot be lawfully enforced by an employer upon an employee. Any joke, name-calling, or overt pressure on an employee who is not fasting is unlawful.

Similarly, an employee does not have a right to impose fasting on the employer. An employee cannot demand fasting palliatives from an employer, except where such provision exists in the terms of engagement. If such support is provided, it is a kind gesture, not a legal entitlement.

Religious tolerance and decorum must also extend to public spaces. Those who are fasting cannot compel others who are not to refrain from eating. Food vendors who wish to operate cannot be forced to close, and their customers cannot be prevented from eating.

LEGAL SENSE Consultancy

18/05/2026

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